Evaluation of apical seal and tubular penetration of a novel bioactive glass sealer, bioceramic sealer and resin–based sealer: an In-Vitro study

INTRODUCTION. The majority of endodontic failures are caused primarily by inadequate sealing of the root canal. Seepage of fluids is likely to occur if apical seal is not properly established.
AIM. This in-vitro study was to evaluate the apical seal and tubular penetration of a novel bioactive glass sealer:
NISHIKA CANAL SEALER BG, bioceramic sealer: CERASEAL and epoxy resin–based sealer: AH PLUS.
MATERIALS AND METHODS. 49 extracted human single rooted mandibular 1st premolar teeth with fully formed apices were taken and decoronated at the Cemento Enamel Junction for standardized working length of 14 mm. All samples were instrumented upto size F3 of ProTaper Gold files. After complete irrigation protocols with Sodium Hypochlorite, Saline, Ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid and Chlorhexidine, samples were divided into 3 groups according to the sealers used. Obturation was done using single cone technique. All the specimens were put in 1% methylene blue dye for 72 hours after keeping them in incubator for 48 hours. Teeth were split into two halves, one visualised for dye penetration and other for tubular penetration and scoring was done.
RESULTS. Kruskal Wallis test revealed that there were significant differences in microleakage and tubular penetration between all the groups (p = 0.01). Nishika Canal Sealer BG had better apical sealing ability and tubular penetration followed by CeraSeal and AH Plus.
CONCLUSIONS. Within the limitations of the study, it was concluded that, Nishika Canal Sealer BG has the maximum apical sealing ability and tubular penetration when compared to CeraSeal and AH Plus

1. Tabassum S., Khan F.R. Failure of endodontic treatment: The usual suspects. Eur J Dent. 2016;10(1):144–147. https://doi.org/10.4103/1305-7456.175682

2. Oliveira A.C.M., Tanomaru J.M.G., Faria-Junior N., Tanomaru-Filho M. Bacterial leakage in root canals filled with conventional and MTA-based sealers. Int Endod J. 2011;44(4):370–375. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2591.2011.01852.x

3. Emmanuel S., Shantaram K., Sushil K.C., Manoj L. An in-vitro evaluation and comparison of apical sealing ability of three different obturation technique – lateral condensation, Obtura II, and thermafil. J Int Oral Health. 2013;5(2):35–43.

4. Muliyar S., Shameem K.A., Thankachan R.P., Francis P.G., Jayapalan C.S., Hafiz K.A. Microleakage in endodontics. J Int Oral Health. 2014;6(6):99–104.

5. Caceres C., Larrain M.R., Monsalve M., Peña Bengoa F. Dentinal tubule penetration and adaptation of Bio-C sealer and AH-plus: A comparative SEM evaluation. Eur Endod J. 2021;6(2):216–220. https://doi.org/10.14744/eej.2020.96658

6. Silva R.V., Silveira F.F., Horta M.C., Duarte M.A., Cavenago B.C., Morais I.G., Nunes E. Filling effectiveness and dentinal penetration of endodontic sealers: A stereo and confocal laser scanning microscopy study. Braz Dent J. 2015;26(5):541–546. https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-6440201300138

7. Chen H., Zhao X., Qiu Y., Xu D., Cui L., Wu B. The tubular penetration depth and adaption of four sealers: A scanning electron microscopic study. Biomed Res Int. 2017;2017:2946524. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/2946524

8. Kishen A., Peters O.A., Zehnder M., Diogenes A.R., Nair M.K. Advances in endodontics: Potential applications in clinical practice. J Conserv Dent. 2016;19(3):199–206. https://doi.org/10.4103/0972-0707.181925

9. Attur K.M., Kamat S., Shylaja K.A., Tegginmani V., Patil D., Choudary R.P. A comparison of apical seal and tubular penetration of mineral trioxide aggregate, zinc oxide eugenol, and AH26 as root canal sealers in laterally condensed gutta-percha obturation: An in vitro study. Endodontology. 2017;29:20–25.

10. Pawar S.S., Pujar M.A., Makandar S.D. Evaluation of the apical sealing ability of bioceramic sealer, AH plus & epiphany: An in vitro study. J Conserv Dent. REFERENCES / СПИСОК ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ 2014;17(6):579–582. https://doi.org/10.4103/0972-0707.144609

11. Haji T.H., Selivany B.J., Suliman A.A. Sealing ability in vitro study and biocompatibility in vivo animal study of different bioceramic based sealers. Clin Exp Dent Res. 2022;8(6):1582–1590. https://doi.org/10.1002/cre2.652

12. Chellapandian K., Reddy T.V.K., Venkatesh V., Annapurani A. Bioceramic root canal sealers: A review. Int J Health Sci. 2022;6(S3):5693–5706. https://doi.org/10.53730/ijhs.v6nS3.7214

13. Ozlek E., Gündüz H., Akkol E., Neelakantan P. Dentin moisture conditions strongly influence its interactions with bioactive root canal sealers. Restor Dent Endod. 2020;45(2):e24. https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2020.45.e24

14. Viapiana R., Moinzadeh A.T., Camilleri L., Wesselink P.R., Tanomaru Filho M., Camilleri J. Porosity and sealing ability of root fillings with gutta-percha and BioRoot RCS or AH Plus sealers. Evaluation by three ex vivo methods. Int Endod J. 2016;49(8):774–782. https://doi.org/10.1111/iej.12513

15. Al-Haddad A.Y., Kutty M.G., Abu Kasim N.H., Che Ab Aziz Z.A. The effect of moisture conditions on the constitution of two bioceramic-based root canal sealers. J Dent Sci. 2017;12(4):340–346. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jds.2017.03.008

16. Khurana N., Chourasia H.R., Singh G., Mansoori K., Nigam A.S., Jangra B. Effect of drying protocols on the bond strength of bioceramic, MTA and resin-based sealer obturated teeth. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2019;12(1):33–36. https://doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10005-1589

17. Kim J.-A., Hwang Y.-C., Rosa V., Yu M.-K., Lee K.-W., Min K.-S. Root canal filling quality of a premixed calcium silicate endodontic sealer applied using gutta- percha cone-mediated ultrasonic activation. J Endod. 2018;44(1):133–138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2017.07.023

18. Schmidt S., Schäfer E., Bürklein S., Rohrbach A., Donnermeyer D. Minimal dentinal tubule penetration of endodontic sealers in warm vertical compaction by direct detection via SEM analysis. J Clin Med. 2021;10(19):4440. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10194440

19. Singh S. Microleakage Studies – A Viewpoint. J Conserv Dent. 2023;26(1):1–2. https://doi.org/10.4103/jcd.jcd_1_23