Diseases of the mucous membrane and the activity of the galvanic cell in the oral cavity

AIM. The objective of this study is to determine the frequency of detection of active galvanic cells in the oral cavity in the absence and presence of diseases of the oral mucosa, the development of which may be associated with the irritating effect of direct electric current.

MATERIALS AND METHODS. Two groups of 50 patients were examined. All patients had at least 2 metal structures in the oral cavity. The first group comprised patients who had no diseases of the mucous membrane, the second group comprised patients with diseases of the oral mucosa. To detect metal structures that could form a galvanic pair, the electrochemical potential of each metal structure was determined and the difference between the potentials obtained was calculated. To determine the activity of a galvanic element formed by galvanic vapors, the hydrogen index of the gingival fluid in the area of these structures was determined.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION. The difference in the electrochemical potentials of metal structures in the studied groups had no statistically significant differences (p > 0.05) and amounted to 129 + 24.7 mV in the first group, to 135 + 19.8 mV in the second. In the first group, 92 % of patients had no significant difference in the hydrogen parameters of gingival fluid near pairs of metal structures (p > 0.05). The hydrogen values were 6.6 + 0.26 at the cathode and 6.9 + 0.35 at the anode. In the second group, in 88 % of patients, when measuring the hydrogen index of the gingival fluid, a high difference in pH values from 0.7 to 1.5 units was found. The values of hydrogen parameters near the cathode were 7.8 + 0.29, and the will of the anode was 6.3 + 0.22 (p < 0.05).

CONCLUSION. Measuring the hydrogen parameters of the gingival fluid near metal structures forming a galvanic pair makes it possible to assess the activity of a galvanic cell. In the absence of diseases of the oral mucosa, the detection rate of active galvanic cells was only 8 %, and in diseases of the mucous membrane, active galvanic cells were detected in 88 % of patients.

1. Arakelyan M., Spagnuolo G., Iaculli F., Dikopova N., Antoshin A., Timashev P., Turkina A. Minimization of adverse effects associated with dental alloys. Materials. 2022;15(21):7476. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15217476

2. Makeeva I.M., Volkov A.G., Dikopova N.Zh., Makarenko N.V. The determination of electrochemical potentials in the oral cavity, as a way to diagnose galvanic syndrome, which contributes to the development of diseases of the mucous membrane. Head and Neck Russian Journal. 2018;(1):42–45. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.25792/HN.2018.6.1.42-45

3. Mikhaleva I.N., Volkov A.G., Dikopova N.Zh., Malanchuk D.A., Volkov N.A., Amanatidi G.E. Determination of electrochemical potentials of metal structures in various diseases of the oral mucosa. Rossiiskaya Stomatologiya. 2022;15(2):61–62. (In Russ.).

4. Volkov A.G., Dikopova N.Zh., Amanatidi G.E., Arzukanyan A.V., Volkov N.A., Nikolskaya I.A. Methods of determining the electrochemical potentials of metal structures in the oral cavity. Medical Alphabet. 2022;(22):27–31. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.33667/2078-5631-2022-22-27-31

5. Yumashev A.V., Makeeva I.M., Volkov A.G., Utyuzh A.S., Nefedova I.V. Reconceptualization of Glossalgia Issue, Solution Approaches. Am J Appl Sci. 2016;13(11):1245–1254. https://doi.org/10.3844/ajassp.2016.1245.1254

6. Dikopova N.Z., Volkov A.G., Arakelyan M.G., Makarenko N.V., Soxova I.A., Doroshina V.J. et al. The study of the electrochemical potentials of metal structures in the oral cavity in diseases of the oral mucosa. New Armen Med J. 2020;14(1):54–58. Available at: https://ysmu.am/v2/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/8069a1a1-1.pdf (accessed: 15.05.2024).

7. Volkov A.G., Dikopova N.Zh., Amanatidi G.E., Volkov N.A., Nikolskaya I.A., Eremin D.A. et al. The results of the frequency of detection of galvanic couple of metal structures in of the oral mucosal diseases. Medical Alphabet. 2022;(7):27–30. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.33667/2078-5631-2022-7-27-30

8. Ragulin A.V., Volkov A.G., Dikopova N.G., Olesov E.E., Glazkova E.V., Povstyanko Yu.A. Detectability of galvanic pairs of metal-containing prostheses in patients with dental implants. The Russian Bulletin of Dental Implantology. 2023;(1):32–38. (In Russ.).

9. Ragulin A.V., Volkov A.G., Dikopova N.Z., Amanatidi G.E., Olesov E.E. Frequency of galvanic pair detection of metal structures in the mouth in the absence of galvanic syndrome and pathological changes in the oral mucosa. Russian Journal of Dentistry. 2023;27(1):15–21. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.17816/dent173956

10. Makeeva I.M., Volkov A.G., Dikopova N.Zh., Arzukanyan A.V., Budina T.V., Talalaev V.E. et al. Device for measuring electrochemical potentials in the oral cavity. Patent RU214859U1 Russian Federation, application 12.07.2022, publ. 17.11.2022. (In Russ.)

11. Volkov A.G., Makeeva I.M., Dikopova N.Zh., Arzukanyan A.V., Amanatidi G.E., Volkov N.A. Method for detecting galvanic pairs of non-removable metal structures located in the mouth. Patent RU2805119C1, application 30.01.2023, publ. 11.11.2023.