The effect of C3Mix: An experimental antimicrobial root canal irrigant on removal of smear layer and its depth of penetration into the dentinal tubules
https://doi.org/10.36377/ET-0133
Abstract
AIM of this in vitro study was to compare and evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy, smear layer removal, depth of penetration and tissue dissolving capacity of C3Mix.
MATERIALS AND METHODS. 36 single-rooted, single-canal teeth were divided in 3 groups (n = 12 each) and irrigated with Saline, Ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA) and C3Mix. The teeth were observed under Scanning electron microscope (SEM) to evaluate smear layer removal and Confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) to check for depth of penetration of the irrigant. Disc diffusion tests were performed in triplicate manner with 2 control groups to assess and compare the antimicrobial efficacy of irrigants against E faecalis. Tissue dissolution in C3Mix, NaOCl and CHX solutions were performed using bovine dental pulp immersion in test solutions for 5 minutes and removing after 5 minutes to check for weight loss. The results were statistically analysed.
RESULTS. C3Mix was statistically more effective than EDTA and Saline in removing smear layer and increasing the depth of penetration (p < 0.05) in dentin. NaOCl was significantly significant than that of C3Mix in antimicrobial activity. NaOCl showed better tissue dissolving capacity when compared with C3Mix.
CONCLUSIONS. C3Mix proves to be a good antimicrobial agent and has superior smear layer removal and increased depth of penetration in comparison with EDTA but has reduced tissue dissolving capacity than NaOCl.
About the Authors
N. T. Thopate
Indira Gandhi Institute of Dental Sciences
India
Competing Interests:
India
Nikita Tukaram Thopate – Postgraduate Student, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics
Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth, Puducherry, 607402, India
Competing Interests:
The authors report no conflict of interest.
D. Chakravarthy
Indira Gandhi Institute of Dental Sciences
India
Competing Interests:
India
Dhanavel Chakravarthy – Professor and Head, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics
Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth, Puducherry, 607402, India
Competing Interests:
The authors report no conflict of interest.
R. Ramasamy
Indira Gandhi Institute of Dental Sciences
India
Competing Interests:
India
Revathi Ramasamy – Assistant Professor, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics
Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth, Puducherry, 607402, India
Competing Interests:
The authors report no conflict of interest.
V. Raja
Indira Gandhi Institute of Dental Sciences
India
Competing Interests:
India
Vijaya Raja – Associate Professor, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics
Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth, Puducherry, 607402, India
Competing Interests:
The authors report no conflict of interest.
S. Lakshmi
Indira Gandhi Institute of Dental Sciences
India
Competing Interests:
India
Soundarya Lakshmi – Postgraduate Student, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics
Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth, Puducherry, 607402, India
Competing Interests:
The authors report no conflict of interest.
D. Dev
Indira Gandhi Institute of Dental Sciences
India
Competing Interests:
India
Dakshin Dev – Postgraduate Student, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics
Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth, Puducherry, 607402, India
Competing Interests:
The authors report no conflict of interest.
References
1. Zehnder M. Root canal irrigants. J Endod. 2006;32(5):389–398. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2005.09.014
2. Boutsioukis C., Arias-Moliz M.T. Present status and future directions – irrigants and irrigation methods. Int Endod J. 2022;55(S3):588–612. https://doi.org/10.1111/iej.13739
3. Hariharan V.S., Nandlal B., Srilatha K.T. Efficacy of various root canal irrigants on removal of smear layer in the primary root canals after hand instrumentation: a scanning electron microscopy study. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent. 2010;28(4):271–277. https://doi.org/10.4103/0970-4388.76157
4. Castagnola R., Martini C., Colangeli M., Pellicciotta I., Marigo L., Grande N.M. et al. In vitro evaluation of smear layer and debris removal and antimicrobial activity of different irrigating solutions. Eur Endod J. 2024;9(1):81–88. https://doi.org/10.14744/eej.2023.19042
5. Ferrer-Luque C.M., Perez-Heredia M., Baca P., Arias-Moliz M.T., González-Rodríguez M.P. Decalcifying effects of antimicrobial irrigating solutions on root canal dentin. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2013;18(1):e158–161. https://doi.org/10.4317/medoral.18207
6. Dewi A., Upara C., Chaiariyakul D., Louwakul P. Smear layer removal from root canal dentin and antimicrobial effect of citric acid-modified chlorhexidine. Eur Endod J. 2020;5(3):257–263. https://doi.org/10.14744/eej.2020.38258
7. Gomes B.P.F.A., Vianna M.E., Zaia A.A., Almeida J.F.A., Souza-Filh, F.J., Ferraz C.C.R. Chlorhexidine in endodontics. Braz Dent J. 2013;24(2):89–102. https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-6440201302188
8. Funk B., Kirmayer D., Sahar-Heft S., Gati I., Friedman M., Steinberg D. Efficacy and potential use of novel sustained release fillers as intracanal medicaments against Enterococcus faecalis biofilm in vitro. BMC Oral Health. 2019;19(1):190. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-019-0879-1
9. Ravinanthanan M., Hegde M.N., Shetty V., Kumari S., Al Qahtani F.N. A Comparative evaluation of antimicrobial efficacy of novel surfactant-based endodontic irrigant regimen’s on enterococcus faecalis. Contemp Clin Dent. 2022;13(3):205–210. https://doi.org/10.4103/ccd.ccd_360_20
10. Kandaswamy D., Venkateshbabu N. Root canal irrigants. J Conserv Dent. 2010;13(4):256–264. https://doi.org/10.4103/0972-0707.73378
11. Jaju S., Jaju P.P. Newer root canal irrigants in horizon: A review. Int J Dent. 2011;2011:851359. https://doi.org/10.1155/2011/851359
12. Chatterjee S., Desai P.D., Mukherjee S., Mazumdar P., Sengupta P. Evaluation of debris and smear layer formation using three different NI-TI rotary instrument systems: An in vitro scanning electron microscope study. J Conserv Dent. 2021;24(6):568–575. https://doi.org/10.4103/JCD.JCD_510_20
13. Srikumar G.P., Sekhar K.S., Nischith K.G. Mixture tetracycline citric acid and detergent – A root canal irrigant. A review. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res. 2013;3(1):31–35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobcr.2012.09.001
14. El Sayed M., Ghanerad N., Rahimi F., Shabanpoor M., Shabanpour Z. Antibacterial activity of sodium hypochlorite gel versus different types of root canal medicaments using agar diffusion test: An in vitro comparative study. Int J Dent. 2020;2020:6483026. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/6483026
15. Davis J.M., Maki J., Bahcall J.K. An in vitro comparison of the antimicrobial effects of various endodontic medicaments on Enterococcus faecalis. J Endod. 2007;33(5):567–569. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2007.01.015
16. Mohammadi Z., Shalavi S., Kinoshita J.-I., Giardino L., Gutmann J.L., Rad S.A.B. et al. A review on root canal irrigation solutions in endodontics. J Dent Mater Tech. 2021;10(3):121–132. https://doi.org/10.22038/jdmt.2021.56003.1431
17. Mohammadi Z., Shalavi S., Yaripour S., Kinoshita J.I., Manabe A., Kobayashi M. et al. Smear layer removing ability of root canal irrigation solutions: A review. J Contemp Dent Pract. 2019;20(3):395–402. https://doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10024-2528
18. Shekhar S., Mallya P.L., Ballal V., Shenoy R. To evaluate and compare the effect of 17% EDTA, 10% citric acid, 7% maleic acid on the dentinal tubule penetration depth of bio ceramic root canal sealer using confocal laser scanning microscopy: an in vitro study. F1000Res. 2022;11:1561. https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.127091.2
19. Alhussain B.S., Alajmi A.M., Odeh L.G.H., Nasr L.E., Alotaibi N.A., Alqaidi S.A. EDTA vs citric acid decalcifying solutions: A systematic review to compare the clinical efficacy. Ann Dent Spec. 2022;10(2):81–85. https://doi.org/10.51847/Dr5Ixlw1hD
20. Chen G., Chang Y.-C. Effects of liquid- and paste-type EDTA on smear-layer removal during rotary root-canal instrumentation. J Dent Sci. 2011;6(1):41–47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jds.2011.02.007
21. González-López S., Camejo-Aguilar D., Sanchez-Sanchez P., Bolaños-Carmona V. Effect of CHX on the decalcifying effect of 10% citric acid, 20% citric acid, or 17% EDTA. J Endod. 2006;32(8):781–784. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2006.02.006
22. Thirunarayanan S., Hegde M.N. Value addition property of a cationic surfactant on endodontic irrigant: A confocal laser scanning microscope study. J Conserv Dent. 2022;25(4):380–384. https://doi.org/10.4103/jcd.jcd_135_22
23. Estrela C., Sousa-Neto M.D., Alves D.R.S., Alencar A.H.G., Santos T.O., Pécora J.D. A preliminary study of the antibacterial potential of cetylpyridinium chloride in root canals infected by E. faecalis. Braz Dent J. 2012;23(6):645–653. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-64402012000600004
Review
For citations:
Thopate N.T., Chakravarthy D., Ramasamy R., Raja V., Lakshmi S., Dev D. The effect of C3Mix: An experimental antimicrobial root canal irrigant on removal of smear layer and its depth of penetration into the dentinal tubules. Endodontics Today. https://doi.org/10.36377/ET-0133
Email this article 