Достижения в судебной стоматологии: роль технологий в идентификации личности

Судебная стоматология играет ключевую роль в идентификации личности, особенно в условиях массовых катастроф, уголовных расследований и при работе с неопознанными останками. Настоящий качественный описательный обзор литературы охватывает достижения в области судебной стоматологии за период с 2010 по 2025 г., с акцентом на внедрение новых технологий, включая искусственный интеллект и цифровые методы, такие как виртуальная аутопсия (virtopsy). К числу ключевых инноваций относятся цифровая радиография, конусно-лучевая компьютерная томография, анализ изображений на основе искусственного интеллекта для сопоставления стоматологических данных, а также неинвазивная виртуальная аутопсия для посмертного исследования. Применение данных технологий способствует повышению точности, эффективности и автоматизации процессов идентификации человеческих останков. Искусственный интеллект вносит значительный вклад за счет совершенствования распознавания паттернов и предиктивного моделирования, однако его использование сопровождается рядом ограничений, включая этические аспекты, вопросы конфиденциальности данных, алгоритмическую предвзятость и сложности правовой интеграции. В работе подчеркивается, что, несмотря на значительное расширение возможностей судебной практики, эффективность данных технологий во многом зависит от междисциплинарного взаимодействия и стандартизации протоколов. Интеграция инновационных решений с традиционными методами обеспечивает надежность результатов и формирует основу для трансформационного развития судебной стоматологии.

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