Evaluation of the use of materials based on octacalcium phosphate in socket augmentation surgery according to radiological data

INTRODUCTION. Modern surgical dentistry is searching for the most effective bone-substituting materials that ensure predictable bone tissue regeneration in the alveolar ridge area. In this context, the domestically produced osteoplastic material “Gistograft” based on octacalcium phosphate granules for socket augmentation is of significant interest due to its use of nucleic acids as molecular triggers for reparative processes. The primary proposed mechanism of action is the stimulation of growth factor expression, among which vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays a key role.

AIM. To assess bone tissue condition following socket augmentation with an osteoplastic material based on octacalcium phosphate granules using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) data.

MATERIALS AND METHODS. The study included 15 patients aged 18 to 45 years with ICD-10 diagnosis K04.5 “Chronic periodontitis” without severe comorbidities. Patients were randomized into two groups. In the first group (8 patients), socket augmentation with synthetic osteoplastic material based on octacalcium phosphate granules was performed after tooth extraction. In the second group (7 patients), no augmentation was performed, and healing occurred under blood clot. Bone tissue condition was assessed by CBCT before surgery and 6 months post-intervention. Statistical analysis was performed using Statistica 6.0 software, with differences considered statistically significant at p < 0.05.

RESULTS. In the first group, CBCT data at 6 months post-surgery showed marked positive dynamics with signs of mineralization and integration of octacalcium phosphate granules into surrounding bone tissue. Mean bone height in the defect area increased from 13.4 mm to 16.5 mm, while ridge width remained stable (approximately 5 mm). In the second group, ridge height decreased by an average of 4 ± 2 mm: height decreased from 8.0 mm to 6.4 mm, width from 4.0 mm to 3.3 mm. Statistical analysis revealed significant differences between groups (p < 0.05).

CONCLUSION. The use of synthetic osteoplastic material based on octacalcium phosphate granules for socket augmentation allows formation of sufficient bone volume and height for subsequent implant treatment and reduces the need for additional bone grafting procedures.

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