Aim. The purpose is to justify the effective and safe use of various materials for the treatment of pulpitis of temporary teeth by amputation methods.

Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis of patient records and treatment of pulpitis of temporary teeth in children by vital amputation was carried out. In order to reveal the pathogenic mechanisms of the development of pulpitis of temporary teeth, the study of oral fluid: the content of immunoglobulins – IgA, IgG, IgM, IgE, sIgA and interleukin–6. Low efficiency – 54.2±0.7% of the method of devital amputation, accompanied by the development of destructive forms of periodontitis was revealed. The most effective method of treatment of pulpitis of temporary molars is the method of vital amputation using the material "Trioxident" – 93,4±0,3 %, "Viscostat" – 91,3±0,4 % with reasonable safety. This allows them to be widely used in children's dental practice.

Results. It was shown the high efficiency of the use of drugs "Trioxident" and "Viscostat" in comparison with devital pulpotomy.

Aim. In the last decades, the field of Endodontics has seen a number of developments. In particular, the creation of the nickel-titanium MaxWire alloy with two fundamental prosperities such as superelasticity and shape memory allow to FKG Dentaire SA to create a completely new generation of instruments. This study aimed to investigate the surface changes of XP-Endo Shaper, XP-Endo Finisher and XP-Endo Finisher R files before and after several uses in vivo as well as after they were immersed in irrigation solutions and sterilization procedures.

Material and methods. A total of 18 instruments were used, which were divided into 3 main groups (n = 6). Root canals of 45 extracted mandibular molars were selected and instrumented according to the traditional protocol. The instruments’ surface changes were analysed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS).

Results. Morphometric changes such as the presence of machining grooves, plastic deformation, microcracks, craters, disruption of the cutting edges and fracture could be visualized by SEM on instruments’ surfaces and EDS revealed the existence of Ni, Ti, Si, O. XP-endo Finisher/R groups showed significant deteriorations after the third use. XP-endo Shaper files exhibited a statistically higher number of surface deteriorations after the fifth use (P < 0.05). It appears that XP-endo group files have a high margin of working capacity and durability as they keep effectiveness up to the third time they have been used. In addition to nickel and titanium, other compounds are present in the elemental composition of these instruments, which can have an impact on the increased strength and endurance of the instruments. 

Aim. The pathological process in the periodontal with chronic apical periodontitis is actively supported by optional and obligatory anaerobic microflora. The purpose was to improving the quality of endodontic treatment of chronic apical periodontitis using high-intensity laser radiation and injecting platelet autoplasma.

Material and methods. We observed 55 young patients with chronic apical periodontitis of multi-rooted teeth of the upper and lower jaw without endodontic intervention. The method proposed by us was based on the qualitative decontamination of the root canal system in chronic apical periodontitis using a diode laser and injection injection of platelet-rich autoplasma. The following research methods were used: densitometric and microbiological.

Results. Microbiological methods established the elimination of enterococci, β-hemolytic staphylococci, facultative anaerobic cocci, Gr+ sticks, yeast-like fungi of the genus Candida. Suppression of growth of facultative-anaerobic and obligate-anaerobic microflora, reduction of occurrence of γ and λ hemolytic streptococci, fusobacteria, Bacteroides. The complex has a pronounced antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effect. The use of autologous plasma increases the optical density of bone tissue in the periapical region of the chewing groups of the teeth of the upper and lower jaw. It has been established that the use of a diode laser and injection injection of platelet autoplasma in the treatment of chronic apical periodontitis in the dynamics of observation is effective and reasonable. 

Aim. The study of the state of the mineral component, the microhardness of the dentin, the structure of the dentin and the pulp of the lower incisors during the filling of the experimentally formed deep cavities of the CH and TheraCal LC have been carried out. This article is devoted to the morphological changes in the application of calcium hydroxide (CH) in comparison with the modern material “TheraCal LC” (Bisco) on the experimentally formed model of deep caries in rams.

Material and mothods. The duration of the observation from the beginning of the experiment has been taken as 15, 30 and 90 days.

Results. It was to have indicated that the basis of pathogenetic therapy should not only be necroectomy of the dentine tissue and impact on the pathogenic microflora, but also stimulation of dentinogenesis as a factor required for the formation of a highly mineralized barrier between the filling and a functioning pulp of the tooth. 

Aim. Along with the improvement of methods of medical and instrumental treatment and root canal obturation of great interest are the development and study of the clinical efficacy of drugs zaapikalnogo use aimed at stimulating tissue regeneration in the apical periodontium.

Materials and methods. The article presents the results of treatment of chronic apical periodontitis in 78 patients. The total number of cured teeth was 80. In the control group (36 patients) have adopted a comprehensive treatment using written down introduction into the periapical lesion destruction of bone autoplasma patient's blood, enriched with platelets, in combination with a bioactive gel "Collapan-S".

Results. It was found that the use of this combination helps to accelerate the processes of repair of bone periodontal tissue and leads to a reduction in the duration of treatment. This is confirmed by the optical density of bone tissue in chronic apical periodontitis using radiovisiography and computed tomography. 

Aim. A study of the animicrobial action and clinical efficacy of high-frequency monopolar diathermocoagulation in the treatment of chronic forms of pulpitis. The reason for the development of complications in endodontic treatment is poor-quality instrumental treatment root canals.

Materials and methods. 102 patients with various chronic forms of pulpitis were divided into three groups of 34 patients each. In the first two groups, high-frequency monopolar diathermocoagulation was used in endodontic treatment in different modes. In the third group, endodontic treatment was carried out without the use of diathermocoagulation (comparison group). The root canal microflora in chronic pulpitis in vivo was studied twice-before and after diathermocoagulation.

Results. It was established that high-frequency monopolar diathermocoagulation in the effect mode is 3, power is 4 (4.1 W) and effect is 4, power is 4 (5.4 W) with an exposure time of 3 seconds, it has a pronounced antibacterial effect on all presented pathogenic microflora obtained from the root canals of the teeth. High clinical efficacy of high-frequency monopolar diathermocoagulation in the treatment of teeth with chronic pulpitis has been proved. 

Aim. To date, specialists have not studied issues related to the formation and progression of endodontoparodontal lesions. Purpose is to determine the main causes of combined lesions of endodont and periodontal in adults.

Material and methods. A clinical study was conducted on 175 patients with chronic periodontitis and chronic generalized periodontitis. In the comparison group, 79 patients with chronic generalized periodontitis were combined. The main causes of the occurrence of combined lesions of the endodont and periodontal in adults with the use of clinical paraclinical, functional, including the study of periodontal microcirculation, and statistical research methods are identified.

Results. The main predisposing factors of combined damage to endodontal and periodontal tissues have been established, to which periodontal pockets with a depth of more than 5 mm should be attributed, chronic periapical processes of the teeth with severe inflammatory resorption of bone tissue, the foci of which relate to granulating periodontitis, exceed 7 mm in diameter and are accompanied by a decrease in hemomicrocirculation. periodontal tissue. The main causes of the occurrence of combined endodontal and periodontal lesions in adults are identified, and the main predisposing factors of combined endodontal and periodontal tissue lesions are established, which should be taken into account in clinical practice of dentists. 

To plan dental interventions on the upper jaw teeth, a doctor needs to know the relationship of the teeth apexes and maxillary sinus. Measurement of these parameters using a cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) allows to plan the interventions precisely to minimise complications.

Аim. It was to evaluate the length of the molars and premolars of the upper jaw and the distance from the apexes of their roots to the maxillary sinus floor according to cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) in different age groups.

Material and methods. We analysed CBCT data of patients in three age groups: young, middle and elderly. On the upper jaw, the length of molar and premolar roots in the examined contingent is the same in all age groups and is within 18-19 mm and 20-21 mm, respectively.

Results. The smallest distance to the maxillary sinus was recorded in the second and third molars in the young and middle age group and in the second premolar region in the young age group. With age, there is a significant increase in the distance to the sinus in the molar zone. 

In case of failure of primary therapy of root canals the modern endodontiya gives to doctors various opportunities of treatment allowing to avoid a tooth extraction. In article the reasons of failure of standard endodontic treatment are considered.

Aim. Recommendations and diagnostic criteria for the choice of a technique of repeated intervention are discussed: orthograde therapy, apical surgical treatment, a tooth extraction or dynamic observation of a clinical situation. The clinical cases in article illustrate process of making decision on the choice of tactics of treatment in various clinical situations. 

Aim. The problem of restoring dentition remains relevant for many years. During last 30-40 years dental implants have been actively used for dentition rehabilitation of patients with partial secondary absence of teeth. However, in recent years, due to the technogenic and ecological situation in the world, this type of treatment is becoming less and less effective due to the increasing risk of rejection of dental implants, which is associated with the presence of concomitant diseases, including metabolic processes. Purpose was to develop an integrated treatment algorithm to increase the effectiveness of surgical treatment with dental implants in patients with partial secondary absence of teeth and associated diseases.

Materials and methods. On the basis of the Department of Surgical Dentistry of the Institute of Dentistry of the Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University) and the dental private clinic in the period from 2013 to 2019 years 7 patients (3 men and 4 women) with partial secondary absence of teeth on the background of osteopenia and osteoporosis were treated with the help of dental implants. Depending on the degree of impaired mineral metabolism, an endocrinologist was prescribed antiresorptive therapy.

Results. During the entire observation period there were no cases of rejection of dental implants. Against the background of prescribed therapy mineral bone metabolism was normalized, according to the results of computed tomography, an increase in the density of the jaw bone tissue was noted. In addition to medicine support in the postoperative period, the importance of adequate diagnosis and treatment of a concomitant disease, which can reduce the possibility of 5-year survival of dental implants, the need for dynamic monitoring from both the dentist-surgeon and a narrow specialist.

The article presents the experience of surgical treatment of partial secondary absence of teeth with the help of dental implants in a patient with an osteopenia diagnosis established by an endocrinologist. In addition to drug support in the postoperative period, the importance of adequate diagnosis and treatment of a concomitant disease, which can reduce the possibility of 5-year survival of dental implants, the need for dynamic monitoring from both the dentist-surgeon and a narrow specialist.