Study an association of some oral ulcer types and features with GST null genotyping in systemic lupus erythematosus patients
https://doi.org/10.36377/ET-0214
Abstract
AIM. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease known by immune response disturbance and imbalanced in oxidative stress status. one of the SLE features is an oral ulcer that is associated with oxidative stress, the present study aims to assess some oral ulcer types and features with GST (GSTT1, GSTM1 and GSTP1) null genotyping in SLE with and without oral ulcer in addition to its types and features.
MATERIALS AND METHODS. Null genotyping PCR was used to detect GSTT1, GSTM1 and GSTP1.
RESULTS. They show significant association of GSTM1 and GSTP1 with SLE (p = 0.0010, p = 0.0024) respectively, and non-significant changes of GSTT1 (p = 0.7426) when compared with the control group. a cross section comparison GST between SLE patients with and without oral ulcer shows a significant association of GSTT1 (p = 0.0367) and a non-significant association of GSTM1 (p = 0.1056) and GSTP1 (p = 0.218). The number of oral ulcers (single and multiple ulcers) shows a non-significant association in all GST genes (p = 0.882, 0.959, 0.552) respectively. The painful oral ulcers show non-significant association of GST genes (p = 0.803, 0.143, 0.585) respectively, the oral ulcer types included buccal, palatal, labial and tongue, were non-significantly (p = 0.608) correlated with GST.
CONCLUSIONS. There was a strong association of GSTM1 and GSTP1 with SLE, a non-significant association of the GST with oral ulcer types and features.
About the Authors
D. N. Ibrahim
University of Babylon
Iraq
Competing Interests:
Iraq
Doaa Neamah Ibrahim – MSc Periodontology, Department of Periodontology, College of Dentistry
Al-Hilla, Babylon
Competing Interests:
The authors declare no conflict of interests
M. L. Ali
University of Babylon
Iraq
Competing Interests:
Iraq
Mukhaled Louay Ali – MSc Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, College of Dentistry
Al-Hilla, Babylon
Competing Interests:
The authors declare no conflict of interests
A. F. Hassan
University of Babylon
Iraq
Competing Interests:
Iraq
Ali Falah Hassan – MSc Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry
Al-Hilla, Babylon
Competing Interests:
The authors declare no conflict of interests
References
1. Yasutomo K. Pathological lymphocyte activation by defective clearance of self-ligands in systemic lupus erythematosus. Rheumatology. 2003;42(2):214–222. https://doi.org/10.1093/rheumatology/keg081
2. Wakeland E.K., Liu K., Graham R.R., Behrens T.W. Delineating the genetic basis of systemic lupus erythematosus. Immunity. 2001;15(3):397–408. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1074-7613(01)00201-1
3. Cooper G.S., Parks C.G., Treadwell E.L., St Clair E.W., Gilkeson G.S., Dooley M.A. Occupational risk factors for the development of systemic lupus erythematosus. J Rheumatol. 2004;31(10):1928–1933.
4. Kang T.Y., El-Sohemy A., Comelis M.C., Eny K.M., Bae S.C. Glutathione S-transferase genotype and risk of systemic lupus erythematosus in Koreans. Lupus. 2005;14(5):381–384. https://doi.org/10.1191/0961203305lu2100oa
5. Giorgio M., Migliaccio E., Orsini F., Paolucci D., Moroni M., Contursi C. et al. Electron transfer between cytochrome c and p66Shc generates reactive oxygen species that trigger mitochondrial apoptosis. Cell. 2005;122(2):221–233. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2005.05.011
6. Finkel T. Signal transduction by reactive oxygen species. J Cell Biol. 2011;194(1):7–15. https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201102095
7. Helmersson J., Larsson A., Vessby B., Basu S. Active smoking and a history of smoking are associated with enhanced prostaglandin F(2alpha), interleukin-6 and F2-isoprostane formation in elderly men. Atherosclerosis. 2005;181(1):201–207. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2004.11.026
8. Ichiishi E., Li X.K., Iorio E.L. Oxidative stress and diseases: clinical trials and approaches. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2016;2016:3458276. https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/3458276
9. Lee Y.H., Kim G.E., Song Y.B., Paudel U., Lee N.H., Yun B.S. et al. Davallialactone reduces inflammation and repairs dentinogenesis on glucose oxidase-induced stress in dental pulp cells. J Endod. 2013;39(11):1401–1406. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2013.06.033
10. Niwa Y., Miyake S., Sakane T., Shingu M., Yokoyama M. Auto-oxidative damage in Behçet’s disease – endothelial cell damage following the elevated oxygen radicals generated by stimulated neutrophils. Clin Exp Immunol. 1982;49(1):247–255. Available at: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1536650/pdf/clinexpimmunol00166-0256.pdf (accessed: 23.01.2026).
11. Sardaro N., Della Vella F., Incalza M.A., DI Stasio D., Lucchese A., Contaldo M. et al. Oxidative stress and oral mucosal diseases: an overview. In Vivo. 2019;33(2):289–296. https://doi.org/10.21873/invivo.11474
12. Tugrul S., Koçyiğit A., Doğan R., Eren S.B., Senturk E., Ozturan O., Ozar O.F. Total antioxidant status and oxidative stress in recurrent aphthous stomatitis. Int J Dermatol. 2016;55(3):e130–e135. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijd.13101
13. Kondakova I., Lissi E.A., Pizarro M. Total reactive antioxidant potential in human saliva of smokers and nonsmokers. Biochem Mol Biol Int. 1999;47(6):911–920. https://doi.org/10.1080/15216549900202023
14. Gupta I., Shetti A., Keluskar V., Bagewadi A. Assessment of serum enzymatic antioxidant levels in patients with recurrent aphthous stomatitis: a case control study. Enzyme Res. 2014;2014:340819. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/340819
15. Kiran B., Karkucak M., Ozan H., Yakut T., Ozerkan K., Sag S., Ture M. GST (GSTM1, GSTT1, and GSTP1) polymorphisms in the genetic susceptibility of Turkish patients to cervical cancer. J Gynecol Oncol. 2010;21(3):169–173. https://doi.org/10.3802/jgo.2010.21.3.169
16. Hayes J.D., Pulford D.J. The glutathione S-transferase supergene family: regulation of GST and the contribution of the isoenzymes to cancer chemoprotection and drug resistance Part I. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol. 1995;30(6):445–520. https://doi.org/10.3109/10409239509083491
17. Hayes J.D., Pulford D.J. The glutathione S-transferase supergene family: regulation of GST and the contribution of the isoenzymes to cancer chemoprotection and drug resistance Part II. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol. 1995;30(6):521–600. https://doi.org/10.3109/10409239509083492
18. Kiyohara C., Washio M., Horiuchi T., Asami T., Ide S., Atsumi T. et al. Risk modification by CYP1A1 and GSTM1 polymorphisms in the association of cigarette smoking and systemic lupus erythematosus in a Japanese population. Scand J Rheumatol. 2012;41(2):103–109. https://doi.org/10.3109/03009742.2011.608194
19. Fraser P.A., Ding W.Z., Mohseni M., Treadwell E.L., Dooley M.A., St Clair E.W. et al. Glutathione S-transferase M null homozygosity and risk of systemic lupus erythematosus associated with sun exposure: a possible gene-environment interaction for autoimmunity. J Rheumatol. 2003;30(2):276–282. Available at: https://www.jrheum.org/content/jrheum/30/2/276.full.pdf (accessed: 23.01.2026).
20. Zhang J., Deng J., Zhang C., Lu Y., Liu L., Wu Q. et al. Association of GSTT1, GSTM1 and CYP1A1 polymorphisms with susceptibility to systemic lupus erythematosus in the Chinese population. Clin Chim Acta. 2010;411(11-12):878–881. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cca.2010.03.007
21. Horiuchi T., Washio M., Kiyohara C., Tsukamoto H., Tada Y., Asami T. et al. Combination of TNF-RII, CYP1A1 and GSTM1 polymorphisms and the risk of Japanese SLE: findings from the KYSS study. Rheumatology. 2009;48(9):1045–1049. https://doi.org/10.1093/rheumatology/kep166
22. Karlson E.W., Watts J., Signorovitch J., Bonetti M., Wright E., Cooper G.S. et al. Effect of glutathione S-transferase polymorphisms and proximity to hazardous waste sites on time to systemic lupus erythematosus diagnosis: results from the Roxbury lupus project. Arthritis Rheum. 2007;56(1):244–254. https://doi.org/10.1002/art.22308
23. Kelsey K.T., Spitz M.R., Zuo Z.F., Wiencke J.K. Polymorphisms in the glutathione S-transferase class mu and theta genes interact and increase susceptibility to lung cancer in minority populations (Texas, United States). Cancer Causes Control. 1997;8(4):554–559. https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1018434027502
24. Bailey L.R., Roodi N., Verrier C.S., Yee C.J., Dupont W.D., Parl F.F. Breast cancer and CYPIA1, GSTM1, and GSTT1 polymorphisms: evidence of a lack of association in Caucasians and African Americans. Cancer Res. 1998;58(1):65–70. Available at: https://aacrjournals.org/cancerres/article/58/1/65/504139/Breast-Cancer-and-CYPIA1-GSTM1-and-GSTT1 (accessed: 23.01.2026).
25. Salimi S., Nakhaee A., Jafari M., Jahantigh D., Sandooghi M., Zakeri Z. et al. Combination effect of GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTP1 polymorphisms and risk of systemic lupus erythematosus. Iran J Public Health. 2015;44(6):814–821. Available at: https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/3302 (accessed: 23.01.2026).
26. Prasad A.S. Zinc: role in immunity, oxidative stress and chronic inflammation. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2009;12(6):646–652. https://doi.org/10.1097/MCO.0b013e3283312956
27. Mariani E., Mangialasche F., Feliziani F.T., Cecchetti R., Malavolta M., Bastiani P. et al. Effects of zinc supplementation on antioxidant enzyme activities in healthy old subjects. Exp Gerontol. 2008;43(5):445–451. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exger.2007.10.012
28. Jesija J.S., Gopal S., Skiel H.P. Recurrent aphthous stomatitis: an assessment of antioxidant levels in plasma and saliva. J Clin Diagn Res. 2017;11(9):ZC64–ZC67. https://doi.org/10.7860/JCDR/2017/29065.10624
29. Kesarwala A.H., Krishna M.C., Mitchell J.B. Oxidative stress in oral diseases. Oral Dis. 2016;22(1):9–18. https://doi.org/10.1111/odi.12300
Review
For citations:
Ibrahim D.N., Ali M.L., Hassan A.F. Study an association of some oral ulcer types and features with GST null genotyping in systemic lupus erythematosus patients. Endodontics Today. https://doi.org/10.36377/ET-0214
Email this article 