Somatic and stomatological status of patients with oncopathology of the maximumface area

Relevance. Oral cancer is a global problem in global health. The incidence of oral cancer remains steadily high. The occurrence and course of diseases of the organs and tissues of the oral cavity depend on the severity of somatic diseases. In turn, dental diseases can influence the course of somatic pathology, the development of focal diseases of the body. Therefore, there is a need for a multidisciplinary approach to the treatment of such patients and careful consideration of each nosological form in combination with concomitant diseases.

Aim. The structure of comorbidities and the state of the oral cavity in dental patients with cancer.

Materials and methods. The material of the study were:accounting and reporting forms of the Ivanovo Regional Oncologic Dispensary, case histories of inpatients. A screening examination of 68 patients with oncologic pathology of the oral cavity was conducted on the basis of the dispensary. 

Results. Among the comorbidities in dental cancer patients, cardiovascular diseases are in the first place (27.4%). The second place is occupied by chronic bronchitis (7.2%). In third place are the pathology of the gastrointestinal tract (3.9%), as well as endocrine pathologies (3.2%). Some patients in the past suffered cancer of other sites (cancer of the pharynx, lung, kidney). The share of neuropsychiatric disorders (epilepsy), infections (HIV) is small. During the screening survey conducted on the basis of the surgical and radiological departments of the Ivanovo Regional Oncologic Dispensary, it turned out that the main factors contributing to the development of tumor processes were: middle-aged people – poor oral hygiene (60%); sharp edges of damaged teeth (24%), poorly made restorations, fillings (16%); elderly people – poorly made orthopedic structures (86%). In individuals of all ages, smoking and alcohol consumption are the background factors.

Conclusions. The study allows us to conclude that somatic factors carry a significantly greater factor load in the elderly and elderly than in middle-aged patients. Dental status of patients affects the development of oncopathological processes in the oral cavity. Background conditions such as poor oral hygiene, poorly made orthopedic constructions and restorations play an important role in the oral health of the oral cavity.

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