This study is devoted to non-invasive diagnosis of chronic destructive periodontitis with the help of conebeam computed tomography (CBCT). The clinical and laboratory stage of the study was carried out in 30 patients with a preliminary diagnosis of chronic apical periodontitis. For these patients, according to medical indications, teeth were removed with adjacent tissues for excisional biopsy, with preliminary examination of CBCT, the radiation density of the lesion was measured in three planes. The HU units obtained with CBCT in the region of the lesion center were measured: in the center, and the minimum and maximum indications of the lesion focus. When analyzing the data, the most effective identifying indicators are Min values with a threshold value of –245 units. HU and the focal area with a threshold value of 184.3 mm2. Models of diagnostics with the help of indicators Min and Focal area are statistically significant at P = 0.0008.

At present, there are a large number of methods and tools for the root canal system qualitative biomechanical instrumental processing. To remove tissue degradation, lubricated layer and disinfect the root canal system the laser radiation is used being one of the modern technologies that are currently applied in endodontic practice. The our study purpose was to assess the state of the root canal dentin surface after its treatment with a diode laser, depending on the dental irrigation solutions used in endodontic treatment. With the help of scanning electron microscopy, the root canals dentin surface of the removed teeth was examined after treatment with a diode laser. As a result, it was found that the diode laser using does not damage the dentin surface, facilitates the lubricated layer removal, improves the conditions for the adhesion of syllables and, accordingly, improves the endodontic treatment quality.

The important characteristic of a local anesthetic solution is the value of the hydrogen index. The aim of the study was to determine the relationship between the value of the hydrogen index of a local anesthetic and the objective efficacy of local anesthesia. It is objectively shown that solutions of local anesthetics, whose pH level is weakly alkaline or greater than 4.9, take precedence in evaluating the effectiveness of local anesthesia. Subjectively, patients note the absence of pain during injection, as well as discomfort when opening the mouth in the case of conductive methods of anesthesia.

Chronic apical periodontitis ranks third in terms of referral to a dentist. The main role in the development of this disease is attributed to the microbial factor. Therefore, in the treatment of chronic apical periodontitis, a qualitative antibacterial treatment of the root canal is necessary. Ultrasound is one of the methods of disinfection. With the help of clinical research, as well as microbiological examination of the microflora of the root canals of the teeth before and after antibacterial treatment, the anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effect of ultrasound was assessed.

Relevance. In the world of dental practice, in order to achieve the maximum aesthetic result when correcting the changed color of the teeth, preference is given to conservative methods of treatment, which include various types of bleaching. Due to the fact that professional teeth whitening has become widespread in the world dental practice, scientifically grounded conclusions about its effectiveness and safety, obtained in experimental models in vitro and in vivo, are of great importance. Goal. Study of the influence of photochemical and chemical types of bleaching on the acid composition of oral fluid. Materials and methods. 36 patients were examined, which were divided into two groups of 18 people each. All the examinees before the bleaching procedure had professional hygiene of the oral cavity, sanation of the oral cavity (temporary restoration). Each of the two groups underwent biochemical examination of the oral fluid before and immediately after bleaching. Results. A significant reduction in the level of acetic acid was observed in relation to the norm in all patients before tooth whitening. In the results obtained after teeth whitening, in patients of both groups the level of oral fluid acids decreased sharply in relation to the norm, and also in relation to the results obtained before clarification. Conclusions. Teeth whitening with the help of systems with chemical and photochemical activation leads to a significant decrease in the level of acids in the oral fluid.

Tooth stump reconstruction, with due attention to endodontic treatment, can widen significantly possibility of patients rehabilitation by synthesis of continuity of dental arches with the help of permanent dental prostheses. Characteristics of applied material determine clinical evaluation of dental prostheses in general, and in particular its contact area in between glass ionomer cement, tooth stump and crown subframe. Goal of our current research work is comparative evaluation of glass ionomer cements adhesion strength with hard tooth tissues before and after thermal cycling. Following materials were investigated during our research: «Fuji I» (GC, Japan), «Meron» (VOCO, Germany), «Polyacrylin» (for fixation) («TehnoDent», Russia). Materials are specified for strengthening of artificial crowns, supposed to be survey crowns in dental prostheses. Evaluation of adhesion strength were provided before and after thermal cycling in accordance with following standards: GOST 31574–2012, ISO 4049:1988, ISO 10477:1992, ISO 11405:1994. Thermal cycling reduced adhesion strength in all investigated materials. As a result, material adhesion strength with tooth enamel in «Polyacrylin» (for fixation) became lower than in «Fiji I», but higher than in «Meron». In cohesion with tooth dentine, materials «Polyacrylin» (for fixation) and «Fuji I» didn’t have any differences, but their adhesion strength were higher than in «Meron».

Apical periodontitis is a frequent complication of pulpitis and failed endodontic treatment. Apical granuloma is a risk factor of serious system diseases. Temporary root canal filling with calcium hydroxide paste was the most popular way of non-surgical treatment of periodontitis, however its therapeutic effect is questioned by scientists nowadays. Permanent root canal obturation using material with prolonged antimicrobial and antiinflammational action provides granuloma elimination and apical bone healing. This article contains clinical case reports confirming the effect of using Granulotec for single-visit permanent canal obturation in teeth with apical periodontitis.

Clinical and immunological parameters in patients with healthy dental implants and with perimplantitis mucositis were analyzed. 164 patients with dental implantation were examined, the average age was 54.6 ± 4.17 years. A total of 641 implants were installed. According to the Kennedy classification, Class I implants amounted to – 43.7%, Class II – 31.3%, Class III – 25.0%. The study was carried out 5 years after dental implantation. Indices of dental indices and cytokines in the gingival fluid are determined. Patients with peri-implantitis mucositis were characterized by unsatisfactory oral hygiene, inflammation in the gums and frequent bleeding. Expressed changes were detected in the levels of TNF-α and IL-10, which were 3.6% (p <0.01) and 2.7 times (p <0.01), respectively, in healthy and control subjects. The ratio of the ratio of TNF-α / IL-10 in patients with mucositis was 0.44, against 0.35 in the control group and 0.36 in healthy patients.

The microflora in the root canal system (RCS) of teeth and dentinal tubules (DT) exists in the form of a biofilm – an organized community of microorganisms. At present, chemical and mechanical methods are used to control biofilm in RCS and DT, implying the instrumental treatment of RCS and the use of disinfectants in the form of irrigants or temporary root dressings. The purpose of this review is to analyze the accumulated information on the effectiveness of well-known modern methods and clinical strategies for combating intra-root infection to improve the quality of endodontic treatment.

A vertical fracture of the tooth root, which is not diagnosed in time, may lead to periodontitis. On the other hand, if the root fracture is diagnosed, whereas in fact it is not, then the patient will remove the tooth on the basis of an error in the diagnosis. Therefore, it is difficult to overestimate the accuracy of diagnosis of longitudinal fractures of the tooth root. It is believed that the images obtained by cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) can accurately determine the fracture of the root of the tooth, which has not been subjected to endodontic treatment. If the tooth is examined with the presence of a high-density material in the channel, for example, a pin, or a crack is located in the mesiodistal region, then the possibilities of KLKT and sighting radiography become more equal.

Interdisciplinary approach to diagnosing parafunctional activity (including questionnaire, postural analysis, plantography, radiography, electromyography) allows a conservative management for patients with generalized teeth wear without depulpation and total prosthodontics. In this case we used HIP-analyze, TENS therapy, relaxation and stabilization splint. Corrective insoles were made for posture correction. Full-mouth oral rehabilitation after stabilization process was achieved with composite restorations based on the wax-up. After the 18-month observation period the patient noted adaptation to adhesive restorations, normal mastication and occlusion.

One of the main findings in patients with known hypophosphataemic rickets (XLHR) is multiple abscesses or sinus tracts associated with carious free teeth of the primary and the permanent dentition. Such a complication is usually detected too late, when it is not possible to preserve the causative tooth due to the destruction of a large volume of the alveolar bone or the risk of damage to the permanent tooth germ. A 10-year old female with genetically and biochemically confirmed XLHR was examined at the Paediatric Dentistry Department of A. I. Yevdokimov MSUMD. Abnormalities typical of XLHR patients and clinically hidden lesions of her teeth were revealed by using modern radiation diagnostic methods. The comprehensive dental examination made it possible to provide timely dental care to the patient.

The high incidence of persistent periapical infection in the lateral group of teeth is one of the problems of modern dentistry. The purpose of our study was to determine the reasons for preserving the periapical focus of infection after conservative treatment and to identify ways of solving this problem. The analysis of domestic and foreign literature on this subject is carried out. An original questionnaire for dentists was developed, according to which 127 doctors were interviewed. Also explored 187 intraoral radiographs of first and second molars of the mandible and presented three clinical observations. Due to the high frequencies in the region of one of the root mandibular molars localization of the pathological process, conservative and surgical therapy is method of elimination chronic periapical infection. The effectiveness of treatment depends not only on the qualifications of the doctor, but also on the patient’s responsible attitude to the recommendations, in particular to comply with their terms of prosthetics.

Health care reform in recent years is accompanied by the development of market relations in all sectors of health care, and, first of all, in dentistry. All over the world, dentistry, regardless of the accepted health care system, has the largest volume of paid services. In the Russian Federation, a network of private dental organizations is widely available, offering paid dental services to the population. In the article we suggest, is considered the sanitary and epidemiological requirements that have to be fulfilled to open a private dental office and obtain a license for medical activities for the provision of dental services.

Perforation of hard tooth tissues is one of the most common complications of endodontic treatment. According to statistics, perforations account for 9% of the total number of complications in endodontics. The frequently asked question about the preservation or removal of a tooth with a perforation – is a question of a correctly accepted decision with a deep clinical situation analysis and a correctly chosen treatment tactic. On the example of endodontic retreatment of tooth 2.1 chronic apical periodontitis and tooth 2.2 perforation in the middle third of the root, the article details the complications reasons in endodontics, stage-by-stage treatment, results are presented in detail, as well as a number of 3D CT-images confirming the rationality of the chosen tactics.