The pulp reaction was studied for preparation and fixation of veneers with the help of the electronic pulp test device IVN-01 Pulptest Pro. Veneers were installed in 109 patients, the average age was 31,40 ± 3,51 years. In 36.7% of cases, a change in natural color, pigmented enamel fissures was noted, in 28.4% of cases - a change in shape and size, tooth erosion, in 22,0% of cases - a change in the position in the dentition, dullness of the teeth, at 12,8 % of cases - a combination of the listed characteristics. In 65,1% of patients, ceramic veneers were installed, and 34,9% had composite veneers. A total of 288 veneers were fixed. Initially, the highest excitability was noted in molars, the lowest at the incisors. Immediately after the restoration, the electrical excitability of teeth with installed ceramic veneers increased by 16.9%, with composite veneers - by 29,9% (p < 0,05), after 12 months. Electroexcitability decreased both in patients with ceramic and composite veneers, but exceeded the initial index by 11,8% and 19,8%, respectively. The sensitivity of the teeth prepared for veneers, regardless of the type of veneer, was statistically significantly different from healthy teeth, which indicated a lack of secondary inflammatory-degenerative changes in the pulp, and that the preparation did not cause pathological changes.

Currently, the prevalence of dental caries among children and adults reaches 98%. Multifactorial matter of the carious process is proved by numerous studies. Timely detection, prevention and effective treatment of focal demineralization of the enamel helps to prevent the development of defects of hard tissues and caries complications. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the clinical efficiency of combination of medicines for deep fluorination and laser radiation of low-intensity in the prevention of dental caries. The study involved 120 volunteers aged 20-30. 2 groups of patients were formed, each group was divided into 3 subgroups according to the number of medicines used. The evaluation of the clinical efficiency of medicines: «FtorLux» (TekhnoDent); «Triftorid2 (OmegaDent); «Nanofluor» (Vladmiva). In the first group, all patients underwent a course of fluorination of three procedures including the repeated treatment in 2 weeks, in the second group the usage of these drugs was combined with the application of laser radiation of low-intensity by means of the apparatus «Optodan». A study of clinical efficiency was performed including the enamel resistance test, determination of mineralizing potential of oral liquid. The received results indicated the achievement of the remineralizing effect by the application of medicines for deep fluorination in combination with laser radiation of low-intensity. But, in group of patients in which the laser radiation was applied against the background of using various medicines, the test indices of enamel resistance and mineralization ware significantly higher than in the group in which only medicines were used.

The article considers the stages of creating of the cold model of tooth hypersensitivity screening. The study based on the idea of correlation between tooth hypersensitivity levels and time of ice cream eating as confirmed by the results of the research. The efficiency of the cold model of screening proved by using clinical research.

With the help of micro-CT it was found that the preparation of the root canal by the Pro-Taper tool significantly extends the mouth and upper third of the canal, respectively by 56.1% and 41.7%, and by the SAF instrument by 51.5% and 50.8%. The area of the apical foramen widened by 26.3% when treated with Pro-Taper, which is significantly higher than with the SAF (7.9%).

On the basis of clinical trial major factors of emergence and the reason of noneffective treatment the endodontoparodontalnykh of lesions (EPP) are established. Major factors of risk of emergence of EPP at adults are the single or multiple parodontalny pockets more than 5 mm in depth caused by the chronic periodontal disease proceeding against the background of chronic periapical processes of the teeth which are followed by the expressed inflammatory resorption of a bone tissue which centers according to X-ray inspection belong to the granulating periodontitis and exceed in the diameter of 7 mm. The reasons reducing efficiency of complex treatment of EPP are: the unsatisfactory result of endodontichesky treatment, the apical granulating periodontitis, augmentation of borders of a bone tissue with low x-ray density in the field of an apical periodontium after endodontichesky treatment at radiological inspection, existence of a vertical inflammatory resorption of interdental and (or) interroot septums, a relative indicator of a reduction later after treatment less than 46%, the initial parodontalny Rassel index is higher 3 months than 6 points.

The hygienic state of the oral cavity and the degree of bleeding of the gums after fixing the veneers were estimated. Veneers were installed in 93 patients, the average age was 30.2 ± 5.12 years. In 59.1% of cases, ceramic (group 1) was established, in 40.9% cases - composite veneers (group 2). Indices of OHI-S, GI and SBI were determined in the oral fluid. The state of oral hygiene in both groups improved by an average of 23.7% and 19.0%, respectively, in groups 1 and 2, 10-14 days later, compared with baseline. A month later the difference was 90.0% (p <0.01). By 3 and 6 months, no significant difference was noted. At a certain time (1 month) with composite veneers, bleeding gums persisted. Perhaps this was due to the development of gingivitis due to improper brushing of teeth. In patients with ceramic composites, the level of index of OHI-S, GI and SBI did not change steadily by 3-6 months, in patients with composite veneers all three indices tended to worsen, although no significant differences were noted with the initial value. It is possible that the deterioration of hygiene and the general condition of the oral cavity is due to insufficiently accurate and thorough cleaning of the teeth. 87.1% of patients cleaned their teeth once a day, and 96.8% of patients forgot to rinse after eating. It is possible that the patient's careful treatment of fixed veneers in the first day and months was further weakened, which was expressed by a change in the state of the oral cavity by the 6th month.

About 80% of the human microbiota exists in the form of biofilms. The properties of microorganisms in the composition of biofilms differ significantly from those in planktonic suspensions. In the root canal system (RCS), the organization of microflora in biofilms has also been detected. Complex structure and individual variability of RCS in combination with unique properties of biofilm make disinfection of this system problematic. The persistence of microflora in the RCS and dentinal tubules, which continues even after qualitative clinical and radiological endodontic treatment, causes its low efficiency. In recent years, various methods for studying biofilm have been developed. The authors emphasize that the most objective of them are those that are conducted in vivo. However, it is practically impossible to implement such methods in the RCS, but methods of indirect evaluation of biofilm properties can be used. The purpose of this review is to analyze the accumulated information on the features of the biocenosis of the RCS and modern methods of studying biofilms in order to improve the effectiveness of endodontic dentistry.

There are few data on the long-term efficacy of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) in treating root canal perforations. We investigated the extent of primary healing after perforation repair with MTA and nonhealing as a result of repair. We also investigated patient/clinical characteristics affecting treatment outcomes and long-term prognosis. Methods: This was a prospective cohort study that enrolled consecutive patients with a single dental perforation treated with MTA (January 1999-June 2009). Patients were followed up until December 2012 for a maximum of 13 years after treatment, with analyses carried out at 8 years. Results: Of the 110 patients (median age, 36 years; 54.5% male) eligible for inclusion, 101 were judged to have started to heal at the first (n = 98, 89%) or second (n = 3, 3%) annual post-treatment checkup, and 9 (8%, 4 women and 5 men, aged between 18 and 65 years) did not show any sign of healing. Patients >50 years had a higher percentage of non-healing perforations compared with those #50 years (12% versus 7%). The percentages of perforations at post-treatment analysis that failed to heal were 13% (intermediate/middle), 4% (coronal), and 0% (apical). The percentages of non-healing perforations according to size were 16% for >3 mm, 6% for 2-3 mm, and 0% for smaller perforations. Characteristics associated with probability of progressing after initial healing were gender, positive probing, size, and site of perforation. Conclusions: Our results show that having obtained primary healing with MTA, the likelihood of progressing is very low. They provide good evidence of the combined effectiveness of experienced operators and use of stateof-the-art materials.

In a 21-year-old woman, a sinusitis maxillaris resulting from overextension of root canal filling material after an endodontic treatment of a maxillary molar could be diagnosed through computed tomography. Root canal filling materials containing zinc oxide may cause aspergillosis of the maxillary sinus because they encounter growth of Aspergillus species. In case of maxillary sinusitis, surgical removal of overextended root canal filling material from the maxillary sinus is indicated. Dentists should be as careful as possible when treating maxillary teeth to avoid perforating the maxillary sinus floor; the use of zinc-free endodontic materials.

Chronic apical periodontitis permanent tooth can be accompanied by formation of a fistula. A similar clinical case described in the article. Important emphasis on the use of x-ray diagnostics at all stages of treatment, including long-term periods. Quality endodontic exposure end with the sealing of the root canal. Followed by aesthetic restoration of the tooth with the use of modern photocurable composites. Control of sealing is carried out after 3, 6, 12 months.

We discuss the aesthetic, biomechanical and technological aspects of post-endodontic restoration of the crown part of the teeth. The expediency and effectiveness of creating a tooth crown part based on a fiberglass-reinforced adhesive composite inlay made by a direct method is substantiated. The criteria for selecting materials for the post-endodontic restoration are considered, and clinical examples are given.

A method is presented that allows creating plastic patterns in the laboratory using computer tomography data, laser surface scanning of teeth, as well as a number of computer programs, the use of which in endodontic dentistry can accurately determine the topographic dimensions of their coronary cavities. The use of this method in the clinic will significantly save the loss of hard tissues of teeth when creating endodontic access.

In this study, a comparative analysis of materials for retrograde filling was carried out according to the criteria of usability, the degree of solidification and hermeticism in different environment. The study was performed on endodontically treated extracted teeth using the root filling materials, based on MTA: ProRoot MTA (Dentsply), Biodentine (Septodont), MTA HR Repair (Angelus), MTA grey (Angelus), BC sealer (Endosequence). After the retrograde root preparation and material packaging, all dents were divided in two groups for solidification in wet and dry environment. The quality of solidification and hermeticism was checked after 1 day. During the survey it was proved that some objects did not meet the requirements to the root filling materials which is used in the apical surgery. BC sealer (Endosequence), for example, is not suitable for long-term use and has a number of significant disadvantages. Among the selected materials, the most reliable are ProRoot (Dentsply) and Biodentine (Septodont). The usage of unidosis allows us to be ensured in sterility of the material; the ability to cure and preserve the hermeticism in the liquid conditions guarantees the density of the root canal obturation.

Controlling all stages of an endodontic treatment using intraoral periapical radiography and computer cone-beam tomography (CBCT) has become a common practice in dentistry. The emergence of new MTA materials on the dental market based on Portland cement raises the issue of their diagnostic abilities on radiographs and CBCT scans. The radiopacity of the materials is insured by the addition of various elements into its composition. Depending on the manufacturer, these additives may vary, which can lead to changes in the radiopacity. The aim of the study was to determine the visualization of MTA-containing cements on periapical radiographs and CBCT images when closing a perforation. On the extracted teeth, holes imitating perforations were made and filled with MTA containing cements, commonly used in Russia. The X-rays and CBCT scans were analyzed and the cements radiopacity assessed. High contrast of the MTA containing cements used in this study on CBCT images allows a highly potent diagnosis, which can be effective in difficult clinical situations.