Aim. Analysis of complications in the treatment of complicated caries.

Materials and methods. Cone beam computed tomography results of 200 patients aged 21 to 64 years. The teeth were divided into frontal and chewing groups. The quality of the performed endodontic treatment was assessed.

Results. During the analysis of the results of cone-beam computed tomography, the following complications of endodontic treatment were revealed: incomplete obturation of the root canal, removal of material beyond the apex of the tooth root, missed root canal, fracture of the instrument in the root canal. The regularity of their frequency was established, depending on the part of the jaw in which the tooth was located.

Conclusions. Conducting cone-beam computed tomography during diagnosis, during treatment, will eliminate complications
associated with a lack of diagnostic imaging, effectively assess the success of the treatment for timely action.

Aim. To compare the diagnostic characteristics of IVN-01 Pulptest-Pro and PulpEst electrodontometry devices when using them to evaluate the effectiveness of local anesthesia in dentistry.

Materials and methods. The randomized double-blind study involved 76 patients divided into two groups of 38 people. In the first group, the effectiveness of local anesthesia was evaluated by the IVN-01 Pulptest-Pro device (electrodontometry), in the second – by the PulpEst device (electrotesting). The patients were tested twice: before the injection of a local anesthetic, and after the latent period of anesthesia. This was followed by the necessary dental treatment, after which the painful sensations were assessed using a visual analog Heft-Parker scale.

Results. The threshold value of electrodontometry (EOM) in the diagnosis of pulpar anesthesia was 90 μA. The accuracy ofthe EOM test was 92.1%, sensitivity (Se) – 85.7%, specificity (Sp) – 95.8%. The positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) were at the level of 92% and 92.3%, respectively. The threshold value of electrical testing (EPT) was 80 conventional units and was limited to the maximum value of the scale of the device. The accuracy of the EPT test was 76.3%, Se – 30.8%, Sp – 100.0%. The PPV and NPV values were 73.5% and 100%, respectively.

Conclusions. The study revealed the advantage of devices using alternating sinusoidal current as a stimulus in the accuracy of diagnosing the onset of anesthesia. The main disadvantage of these methods is the weakness of the generated current, which leads to a distortion of the assessment of the pain sensitivity of the teeth.

Aim. To evaluate the effectiveness of antibacterial treatment of root canals in chronic apical periodontitis with an erbiumchromium laser.

Materials and methods. Group I consisted of 16 patients – antibacterial treatment of root canals was carried out with 10 ml of 3% solution of sodium hypochlorite «Belodez». Group II – 29 patients – antibacterial treatment was carried out with an erbium-chromium laser Waterlase MD in the following mode: wavelength – 2780 nm, power – 1.5 W, pulse duration – 140 μs, frequency – 40 Hz. Antibacterial efficacy was assessed by the results of microbiological studies of samples from the root canal before and after antibacterial treatment. Results. During antibacterial treatment with an erbium-chromium laser, a statistically significant decrease in the concentration of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Moraxella lacunata, Actinomyces israelii, Streptococcus mutans, Corynebacterium xerosis occurred in comparison with the control group.

Conclusions. The dynamics of clinical signs in patients of the two groups indicates the anti-inflammatory effect of the Waterlase MD erbium-chromium laser, which confirms a pronounced antibacterial effect against Escherichia coli, Corynebacterium xerosis, Actinomyces israelii, Streptococcus mutans, Staphylococcus aureus, Moraxella lacunata.

Aim. To evaluate the marginal fit of temporary filling materials used in practice of a dentist-therapist.

Materials and methods. The analysis of the degree of marginal fit of temporary sealing materials was carried out: light polymerization-«Tempofot liquid-flowing» (VladMiVa), «Restorin liquid-flowing (Technodent)», «Tempofot packable» (VladMiVa) and chemical curing – «Parasept» (VladMiVa), «Dentin paste» (Vladmiva), «Tempodent» (Technodent). The study was conducted on 120 removed teeth.

Results. After 1 day of exposure, the materials «Dentin paste», «Tempodent» and «Tempofot packable» were penetrated by the hyposalix solution along the filling-tooth border. It can be stated that these materials have no hermetic properties. Thematerial «Parasept» and the materials «Tempofot liquid-flowing», «Restorin liquid-flowing» retained their hermetic properties, there was no staining of the filling-wall border of the tooth. After 3 days, the materials «Parasept» and «Tempofot liquid-flowing» staining was not detected, the material «Restorin liquid-flowing», the penetration of the dye to the mouth of the root canals was noted.

Conclusions. The study found that temporary sealing materials of chemical and light polymerization have various hermetic properties.

Aim. To study morphology of external resorption of apical root area of teeth with destructive forms of apical periodontitis in the acute stage.

Materials and methods. Microrelief of 10 previously untreated teeth with destructive forms of apical periodontitis in the acute stage was investigated. The material was taken at the moment of dental manipulation of tooth extraction after injecting anesthesia with 2% lidocaine solution or Septanest if indicated with the information consent of the patient.

Results. Damaged cement of heterogeneous structure with areas of resorption alternating with areas of undamaged cement in the area of the root tips was found. The resorbed cement looks like large lacunae with clearly outlined ribs, filled with rounded cell clusters – cementocytes.

Conclusions. Resorbed tooth root cement of heterogeneous structure with different area and degree of destruction depth was found in the places of periodontal absence. In some cases the resorption of the root cement partially affected the inner area of the apical orifice.

Aim. Optimization of root canal filling.

Materials and methods. The determination of apical hermeticity was performed on extracted single root teeth and obturation was performed using three techniques: cold lateral compaction, hot vertical compaction and hybrid technique.

Results. The optimal obturation technique is the hybrid technique, which has a stable and minimal gap between the obturation material and the root canal wall.

Conclusions. Obturation techniques such as lateral compaction and vertical compaction are the quality standard, but the most optimal technique is the hybrid technique, which has taken only the positive qualities of both previously presented techniques.

Early loss of primary teeth is an important problem in pediatric dentistry. One of the most difficult aspects during treatment of the complications of caries in primary teeth is the duration of treatment. The introduction of rotary nickel-titanium systems made endodontic treatment in primary teeth easier and faster. Thereby, the aim of the present work was to conduct a systematic review with elements of the network meta-analysis and an indirect comparison of different rotary endodontic systems in terms of the time spent for endodontic treatment in primary tooth canals using the common comparator «manual treatment with K-files». Seven articles were included in the final analysis, which revealed statistically significant heterogeneity of the included data from laboratory randomized controlled trials (ProTaper/K-file: I2 = 85; p = 0.00001 and Mtwo/K-file: I2 = 95; p = 0.00001). A systematic review of the articles revealed a trend toward designating the Mtwo (VDW) system as the least time-consuming mechanical root canal preparation in primary teeth.

Introduction. The article describes the microbiota found in teeth with chronic apical periodontitis.

Materials and methods. Electronic research of English and Russian literature was carried out in January 2022, in the databases of PubMed, Google scholar, Scopus, ResearchGate and ScienceDirect. The search started on the 10th of January 2022 and ended on the 12th of January 2022. A total of 23 articles were selected, 17 of which were selected for detailed review. Chief question in this article was: which microbial communities are present in root canals diagnosed with CAP? And how are they associated with clinical symptomatology?

Results. The inhabitants of the root canals with chronic apical periodontitis are mainly facultative anaerobes.

Conclusions. The microbiota of chronic apical periodontitis is very diverse, some of its main inhabitants are E. faecalis, P. acnes, F. nucleatum, streptococcus spp, and P. gingivalis. Some authors have found that E. faecalis corresponded to 17% and up to 99.8% of the total bacterial counts present in the root canal with CAP. the presence of P. gingivalis was associated with tenderness to percussion, the presence of E. faecalis, F. nucleatem, and P. gingivalis were associated with periapical lesions > 3 mm, and the presence of P. acnes, S. mitis and E. faecium showed persistent exudation.

This paper presents a clinical case of dental treatment in children with transverse fracture of incisor roots on the upper jaw. This clinical case demonstrates the successful long-term results of therapeutic treatment in which the pulp viability was preserved, which is confirmed by clinical and radiological examinations. If the diagnostic phase is properly performed and the teeth are immobilized in time, there is a high probability of a favorable long-term prognosis and outcome of the therapeutic treatment. Since the obliteration of the root canal system, after trauma in children, occurs mainly in teeth with unformed roots, is a sign of the preservation of a viable tooth pulp. The clinical and X-ray examination data obtained by us indicates a favorable prognosis of therapeutic treatment for transverse fracture of the roots of teeth in children.

Pathological resorption is diagnosed quite often in the treatment of periodontitis and is considered a prognostic adverse symptom. Increasing the effectiveness of the therapeutic treatment of destructive periodontitis is associated with the development of methods of instrumental and drug effects on root canals and depends on the correct selection of endo-sealant to achieve the predicted result. The combined pathology of root resorption is no exception in the case of a correctly chosen treatment strategy. The article reports on the successful therapeutic treatment of a tooth with destructive periodontitis and combined root resorption. Radiographically proven that there is a complete recovery of periapical tissues. Long-term results indicate the effectiveness of the treatment.

At present, a significant increase in inflammatory-destructive pathologies of the oral mucosa has been revealed. However, despite the high prevalence and the trend towards a constant increase in the number of diseases, there is no single diagnostic algorithm for examining and managing these patients in dental practice. To solve the above problems, a complex system of a patient-oriented approach to the diagnosis and monitoring of the inflammatory-destructive process in diseases of the oral mucosa was developed.

Aim. To evaluate the effectiveness of the developed complex system of a patient-oriented approach to the diagnosis and monitoring of inflammatory-destructive diseases of the oral mucosa.

Materials and methods. A survey of 60 patients with inflammatory-destructive diseases of the oral mucosa was carried out, which were divided into 2 groups. In the main group, diagnostics and monitoring were carried out using the developed system, in the control group – according to the generally accepted scheme.

Results. Taking into account the data of the study, we can confidently speak about the clinical effectiveness of the developed complex system of a patient-oriented approach to the diagnosis and monitoring of the inflammatory-destructive process in diseases of the oral mucosa. When managing patients using the proposed system, a personalized approach is provided, the dynamics of the course of the pathological process is objectively and accurately assessed, certain periods of clinical observation are offered in order to correct the prescribed therapy regimen.

Conclusions. The use of a patient-oriented approach in the diagnosis and monitoring of the system helps to reduce the time of regeneration of inflammatory-destructive diseases of the oral mucosa, improves the effectiveness of the treatment of this pathology, and also improves the patient's quality of life.

Facial aesthetics can be characterized by both subjective and objective data. The subjective view depends on many factors: gender, age, education level, population, race, ethnic group, fashion.

Aim. Determine of soft tissue variability parameters in individuals with physiological occlusion.

Materials and methods: a photometric examination of 20 persons with normal occlusion aged 20-24 years was carried out. There were used 12 soft tissue points on face profile and 6 front points for the photometric study. We researched soft tissue’s transversal parameters in full face structures and the angular parameters. Also we researched soft tissue profile’s ratio of points and planes to the true vertical and horizontal, and the face parts ratio reflecting indices.

Results. It was determined that papameters have the maximum variability: under/beard line rotation, cervical-chin angle, cervical angle, cervical index, nose, middle and lower heights face ratio rotation angle. Facial Changes index shows that 35% of the studied subjects were classified as mild, 45% as moderate, and 20% as severe.

Conclusions. The of the standards narrow framework does not allow taking into account the individual, ethnic, gender and age components of the face aesthetic perception. There is needed norms Greater individualization, an index evaluation increase role and face parts ratio analysis.

Aim. Development of the chronic periodontitis treatment method using the medicamentation based on herbal components in the experiment.

Materials and methods. An experimental model of chronic periodontitis was created. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) from the extracted retained human tooth were obtained multipotent. The obtained MSCs were injected into the periodontalpockets together with the osteogenesis stimulator drug. Then a medicamentation based on plant components was applied.

Results. Periodontal pocket depth decreased to 1.5 ± 0.01 mm (P < 0.001). There was no tooth mobility. Three months after the therapeutic procedures radiographs of the rats showed signs of bone neoplasia. By 6 months these signs became more pronounced: the foci of stained osteoporosis disappeared and began to acquire a finely petrified structure, the contours of the interalveolar septa became clear and smooth with a simultaneous increase in the height of resorbed ridges of the interalveolar septa.

Conclusions. Experimental studies have shown pronounced therapeutic efficacy of the method for the treatment of destructive changes of the alveolar bone in periodontitis.

Currently, many orthodontists often prescribe the method of rapid palatal expansion (RPE) to patients, however, there are no clear criteria for indications for the use of the method based on cone-beam computer tomography (CBCT) in the available literature.

Aim. Determination of indications for the use of the technique of rapid palatal expansion based on the data of the CBCT.

Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis of control and diagnostic models and CBCT of 40 patients with diagnosed narrowing of the upper jaw was carried out. All the subjects were divided into two groups: the first was patients who were treated with RPE devices. The second is patients whose orthodontic treatment used other methods (mainly expanding removable plate apparatus or partial bracket system). The analysis of control and diagnostic models according to the Pona method and the determination of palate narrowing by CBCT were carried out. Comparison of the two groups by a quantitative indicator having a normal distribution, provided that the variances were equal, was performed using the Student's t-test, with unequal variances – Welch's t-test. The comparison of the two groups by a quantitative indicator, the distribution of which differed from the normal one, was carried out using the Mann-Whitney U-test.

Results. Analysis of measurements in the area of premolars and molars by the Pona method in both groups revealed no statistically significant differences (p = 0.093, p = 0.137, respectively). However, when analyzing the indicators obtained by measuring the width of the palate at the level of the deepest points of the bone base in the projection of the Pon line, it showed the presence of statistically significant differences (p < 0.001). The following values were obtained: the average width of the palate at the molar level in patients using the RPE method was 24± 2 mm, in the second group – 30± 2 mm. At the premolar level, the average width of the palate in patients treated with the RPE method is 20 mm, in group 2–22 mm.

Conclusions. With a narrowing of the palate less than 26 mm at the level of the molars and less than 20 mm in the premolar region, the use of methods of rapid palatal expansion can be shown. Further development of the methodology and indications for treatment with rapid palatal dilation devices is required.

Aim. Improving the methods of planning and the surgical stage of the combined treatment of patients with jaw anomalies using 3D technologies and subsequent assessment of the accuracy of the result.

Materials and methods. In the period from 2019 to 2021, 90 patients with anomalies in the development of the jaws aged 18 to 45 years were examined and treated. 45 female patients, 45 male. All patients underwent a comprehensive examination and subsequent surgical treatment. Patients were divided into 3 groups depending on the planning method.

Results. When evaluating the results of the study, significant differences were found between the control group (I) and group II and the control group (I) and group III with a difference effect from medium, moderate to large, strong in 25 coordinates out of 35 (71%). There was no statistically significant difference between groups II and III. The average difference in coordinates between planned movements and postoperative results in comparison between groups I and II, groups I and III is from 0.69 mm. up to 2.14 mm. The average difference in coordinates between groups 2 and 3 is from 0.20 mm. up to 0.54 mm. The maximum differences between the planned and postoperative results were revealed in the coordinates responsible for vertical movements, as well as various angles (pitch, roll and yaw), the average deviation for all three groups was in the range from 2.02 mm to 3.13 mm. This fact led to the conclusion that 3D planning allows to achieve more predictable results in the surgical stage of the complex treatment of patients with jaw anomalies. However, for a more accurate assessment of the quality of planning, a larger sample size of patients is needed, with the possible inclusion of a larger number of reference points.

Conclusions. The widespread digitalization of the medical industry has made it possible to introduce many tools aimed at increasing the accuracy of preoperative planning, as well as visualizing future changes in the patient. Three-dimensional (3D) methods of virtual visualization and planning allow you to combine information from the soft tissues of the face, skeleton and dentition. Computer simulation of operations is becoming increasingly important in the field of maxillofacial surgery, as the technology offers improved possibilities for preoperative planning and reduction of possible risk factors at the preoperative, operative and postoperative stages.

Inflammatory gum disease occupies a large proportion of oral diseases. Among the most honest complaints are concerns about bleeding gums, pain when eating. Gingivitis is an inflammation of the soft tissues surrounding the tooth without disturbing the gingival junction. Currently, the search for the most effective and comfortable therapy for the treatment of gingivitis remains a topical issue in medicine.

Materials and methods. A group of patients with a diagnosis of K05.1 – chronic simple marginal gingivitis (chronic catarrhal gingivitis) was selected for the study. All patients underwent examination and index assessment of the condition of the marginal periodontium. Half of the patients were prescribed an antiseptic composition based on 0.2% polyaminopropyl biguanide as an auxiliary antiseptic treatment of the oral cavity. Examination and re-examination of patients was carried out on the 4th, 7th, 10th day.

Results. According to the results of the examination, the diagnosis of K05.1 – chronic simple marginal gingivitis (chronic catarrhal gingivitis) was established in 77 patients aged 18 to 25 years. During the inspection on the 4th, 7th, 10th day, there were differences in the course of the disease and the values of the indices.

Conclusions. The study demonstrated the effectiveness of the use of an antiseptic composition based on 0.2% polyaminopropyl biguanide in the complex therapy of chronic catarrhal gingivitis.