Aim. To study the state of oral mucosa and rationale of Its changes In patients with a laboratory-con^rmed diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2, moderate severity.

Materials and methods. A retrospective single-center study was conducted on patients who were In the Infectious diseases department from May to June 2020 with an Initial diagnosis of ICD-X: J18.9: coronavirus Infection. This study Included 90 patients aged 24 to 83years (52 male and 38 female, average age 53.6 ± 9.7years).

Results. C-reactIve protein was Increased In 81 Individuals upon admission (44.15 ± 31.8 mg /dl). Twenty patients had Increased tibrinogen values (average Increased tibrinogen values were 5.96 ± 1.6 g /1). The analysis for D-dImer was held In 15 patients (average value 348 ± 103.68 ng/ml), 10 people from that with the increased indicators (435 ± 24 ng / ml). Hemorrhagic manifestations occurred in 12 (13.3%) patients, whose history was not burdened. Pronounced xeroderma of the facial region and angular cheilitis were detected in 21 (23.3%) patients. In 80 patients (88.8%), an examination of the mucous membrane of the tongue was observed plaque from white, lightyellowto brown. In 36(40%) patients, pigmentation was detected in the area of the attached gingiva on the upper and lower jaws.

Conclusions. With COVID 19 (SARS-CoV-2), changes in oral mucosa are not the primary cause, but appear as a result of drug treatment and disease progression, despite the fact that the oral cavity is one of the sources of entry gates for infection.

The quality of endodontic treatment largely depends on the mechanical cleaning of the root canal, which is carried out in most cases by machine nickel-titanium instruments. Despite their great diversity, there is no universal system that is simple and effective, allowing you to work in the root canal with complex anatomy. Therefore, new tools are being created.

Aim. Compare the effectiveness of root canal treatment with three different systems (Reciproc Blue, Mtwo-tile and Soco SC Pro). Perform an analysis of the results using scanning electronic microscopy, assess the quality of mechanical cleaning of the root canal when using these tools.

Materials and methods. The study used 30 extracted teeth (with root curvature greater than 25 degrees), divided into 3 groups (10 in each group). In group 1, mechanical processing was performed using Reciproc Blue. The second group used Soco SC Pro system tiles, and the third control group used the Mtwo-tile. Then, thin sections were made and the results evaluated using an electronic scanning microscope.

Results. According to the results of scanning electronic microscopy of 15 sections in each group, it was revealed that the maximum number of open dentinal tubes is observed working with Reciproc Blue in 60% of cases, while Soco SC Pro - in 27% of cases and Mtwo-file - in 40%. Based on this study, it can be concluded that the Reciproc Blue system has the best cleaning mechanical ability.As a result, it was found that the time spent working with nickel- titanium tools subjected to heat treatment (Reciproc Blue, Soco SC PRO) is less than when working with Mtwo-fiie.

Conclusions. 1. Scanning electronic microscopy studies have shown that the quality of mechanical cleaning when processing the root canal of Reciproc Blue and Mtwo-file is higher compared to Soco SC Pro. 2. The time taken to process the root canal with Reciproc Blue tools is less than when working with Soco SC Pro and Mtwo-fiie. S.Nickel- titanium instruments from M-Wire alloy (Reciproc Blue and Soco SC Pro) allow machining in curved root canals with preservation of their anatomy and the time spent processing the root canal with Reciproc Blue and Soco SC Pro tools is less than with Mtwo-fiie.

 

The article is devoted to determining the dependence of the quality of performance by an x-ray laboratory technician and, especially, by the dental assistant, of standard x-ray dental laying on the process of examining teeth and jaws. A retrospective analysis of 900 intraoral radiographs, orthopantomograms, enlarged panoramic radiographs in direct projection (analog and digital, performed in various medical facilities) of patients in the age group of 18-85 years was performed. The most signfTcant methodological errors of the paramedical staff (especially dental assistants) of the X-ray room were determined, which lead to the appointment of a re-examination, the implementation of additional projections, auxiliary visualization techniques and an increase in the number of false-negative results. 

An integrated approach to diagnostics for choosing a treatment strategy helps to obtain stable, functionally complete results and minimizes the relapse possibility. In skeletal forms of distal malocclusion, it is necessary to take into account the severity of maxillofacial changes to choose a treatment algorithm.

For this aim, to assess the severity of dentofacial anomalies an index has been developed.

Materiais and methods. To develop the index 60 patients with varying degrees of distal occlusion were examined comprehensively. Dental casts, photometry and a lateral cephalography were analyzed.

Resuits. Aftera statistical analysis of the data, an index that reliably proves the severity of maxillofacial anomalies was created, which is rationale for choosing a method of treating patients with skeletal form of distal occlusion: orthognathic or compensatory orthodontic treatment.

Conciusions. The proposed technique is a convenient express method for the diagnosis and treatment planning in patients with dento-maxillofacialanomalies.

 

According to statistics, among sinusitis of various etiologies, the frequency of odontogenic maxillary sinusitis averages from 26 to 40%. This disease affects mainly people of working age and occupies a signiticant place in the practice of a dental surgeon.

Aim of the study was to analyze the frequency of occurrence of odontogenic sinusitis in the practice of a dentist- surgeon, tactics and principles of treating patients in an inpatient setting.

Materials andmethods. The article presents the results of a retrospective epidemiological analysis of the incidence according to the case reports (70 case reports of inpatients) and records of surgical intervention of the Department of Maxillofacial Surgery in the Ivanovo Regional Clinical Hospital from 2016 to 2019.

Results. In total, during the study period, 21 patients addressed chronic odontogenic sinusitis in the exacerbation stage and out of exacerbation, among them 12 (57%) men and 9 (43%) women. This pathology mainly affects men aged 40 to 50 years. The highest percentage of occurrence as a causative tooth was 1 molar - 76 ± 0.25%, 2 premolar, 2 and 3 molars, respectively in 5 ± 0.23%, 9 ± 0.20%and 10 ± 0.26% of cases (p < 0.001). The quantitative indicator of the period of hospitalization of patients in the hospital averaged 9.4 bed days. A total of 22 patients referred to chronic perforated sinusitis, among them 10 (45%) men and 12 (55%) women. Pathology is prevalent mainly among women 5060 years old. When analyzing causal teeth in the development of chronic perforated sinusitis, the highest percentage of occurrence as a causative tooth of 1 molar was also recorded - 67 ± 0.21%, the hospitalization period in the hospital is on average 9.95 bed days. All patients underwent radical maxillary sinusotomy on the right/left, plastic tistula. About 27 maxillary cysts related to the maxillary sinus, 27patients, among them 16 men and 11 women, came. Moreover, 22 (81%) patients had a root cyst, 4(15%) had a follicular from the third molar, and 1 (4%) had a malformation. The examined patients had Hxed teeth whose roots stand in the cavity of the cyst. Cysts occur in patients at almost any age, more often men suffer, the hospitalization period in the hospital averages 8.8 bed days.

Conclusions. Women aged 50 to 60 years are more likely to suffer from chronic perforated sinusitis, and men from 30 to 60 years old are most prone to the formation of cysts that have grown into the maxillary sinus. In most cases, for all 3 nosological forms of the disease, the tirst molar was the causative tooth. When the maxillary sinus was involved in the inflammatory process, a radical sinusotomy was predominantly performed, significantly reducing the frequency of relapses.

 

A new stage of development has molecular and biological diagnostics of pulp diseases In the tield of modern dentistry. Recent studies Indicate that molecules expressed at different stages of the In'flammatory process can serve as diagnostic blomarkers of pulp diseases. The review article presents relevant sclentfTc data regarding In^ammatlon markers In various pulp pathologies. Including Initial pulpitis. 

Summing up the knowledge available at the present stage of medical development, we can conclude that the state of the dental apparatus can and should be considered as an indicator of the state of the body as a whole. At the same time, science has a strong evidence base about the role of lifestyle and habits of people in the occurrence and development of a number of diseases, including dental diseases. Thus, it is essential to correctly and comprehensively carry out therapeutic and preventive measures with the mandatory participation of the patient. However, low patient compliance makes it impossible to apply the knowledge available in medicine to reduce the prevalence and intensity of diseases and reduce the risk of complications.

 

Aim. To consider the problem of polymerization stress. Polymerization stress Is one of the main causes of loss of marginal Ш and subsequent postoperative manifestations, such as hypersensitivity, marginal staining, secondary carles, deformation of underlying tooth tissues.

Materials and methods. A systematic review of the literature In the electronic databases Google Scholar and Pubmed was conducted. Articles related to the problem of polymerization stresses formation In dental composite materials, as well as factors that directly affect this process, are considered and Included.

Resuits. 68 articles were analyzed during the review. After making the selection based on the exclusion criteria, the numberofincluded studies was 31.

Conciusion. According to the studied publications, the development of shrinkage stresses Is In^uenced by four main groups of factors, the manifestations of which can be minimized as a result of modifying the structure of the composite material and methods of working with It.

The problem of convicts arising between a doctor and a patient in a dental clinic is presented. The characteristic of con^ictogenic personalities and con^ictogenic situations, the occurrence of which is possible at a dental appointment, is given. The ways and methods of creating an optimal relationship between a dentist and a patient are presented, which allows you to conducttreatmentwith maximum ef^ciency and mutual bene^t. Dentists, starting their independent professional activities, should correctly use psychological skills at outpatient appointments: the ability to speak, hear, persuade, establish positive interpersonal contacts with different psychological types of patients, recognize emerging convicts at the initial stage, not get involved in the convict itself, be able to manage the convict and extinguish it using psychological techniques and techniques. Fully meet the expectations of the patient who has applied for help in a medical institution.

The prefix "nano" is used by the global scientrTc community. Highly dispersed solidphase objects which have a size from 1 to 100 nm are called nanoparticles. With the international free fulltext archive «PubMed» you can get more than 215 thousand results to the "nanoparticles" search query. Today, the accumulated theoretical knowledge is being actively integrated in dentistry. Experts are thinking about new ways to solve current professional problems. Only time will tell how successful the process of integrating narrowpro^le research into practical activities will be. Development and implementation of nanotechnological treatment are a promising direction for modern dentistry.

Aim was to study the promising areas for using nanotechnologies in dentistry, existing methods of diagnostics, treatment and prevention of the dental diseases based on the properties of nanoparticles, to review the scientrTc literature devoted to this problem.

Aim. To determine the effectiveness of the Carriere Motion 3D orthodontic device in the treatment of malocclusions II and III classes. The action of the device is based on distalization of the lateral segment of the dentition from the canine to the tirst molar as a whole with the preservation of isolated micro-movement of the key teeth.

Materials and methods. During a systematic review of the literature, the analysis of publications in the electronic databases Google Scholar and PubMed was carried out. Included publications the main part of which included a description of working methods with Carriere Motion 3D, dinicai cases using the presented distalizer, and consideration of the target and undesirable effects of the device.

Results. 43 articles were viewed during the review. After analyzing the literature for inclusion criteria, the total numberofpublications has become 33.

Conclusions. Carriere Motion 3D is quite effective for correcting incorrect molar relationships in the presence of malocclusion of the second and third class, but it cannot be called the only correct way to resolve malocclusions.

A literature review was conducted on rare mycoses of the oral mucosa in patients with immunode^ciency conditions and hematologic malignant diseases, in particular, etiopathogenetic aspects, clinical features and an approach to the treatment of rare oral mycosis - geotrlchous stomatitis were examined.

A review of the literature discusses the deterioration of the hygienic state of the oral cavity and denture after the surgical, chemo-radiation and orthopedic stages of treatment for cancer of the maxillofacial region. The purpose of the study is to generalize and analyze modern research in the tield of the complex therapeutic effect of phytocomposites from medicinal plants, including anti-in^ammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and oncoprotective components for use in oncological dentistry.Mouth rinses of plant origin, along with a pronounced local antimicrobial and cleansing effect, improve oral hygiene and have a phytotherapeutic effect on the body as a whole. Mouth rinses based on phytocompositions prevent the effects of chemoradiotherapy and the further development of the oncological process. The antioxidant, oncoprotective, immunomodulating and antimicrobial effects of plant ^avonoids, alkaloids and polysaccharides that systemically inhibit the process of metastasis are described.

The aim of the article is to develop a mathematical model and conduct a numerical experiment of a thermoelectric system (TPP) for the treatment of in^ammatory periodontal diseases by moderate cryotherapy.

Materials and methods. A design, a physical and mathematical model of TES for the treatment of in^ammatory periodontal diseases by moderate cryotherapy, developed on the basis of solving the unsteady heatconduction problem fora multilayer system, has been developed.

Results. /4s a result of a numerical experiment, data were obtained that describe the temperature distribution over the thickness of each of the layers in the system, taking into accountthe heatfluxes on the junctions of the thermoelectric battery (ТЕБ), the parameters of the periodontal region, the temperature change atvarious points of the thermal power plant system - the periodontal region in time. It has been established that the necessary level of procedures associated with lowering the surface temperature of the periodontal zone to -40°C can be realized with a cooling capacity of ТЕБ of 6000 W/m2, which corresponds to the power of modern standard produced thermoelectric modules.

Conclusions. It was estabished that the selection of the geometrical parameters TEB and power supply should be guided by the restrictions on the operation of the device, as well as medical norms and standards in order to avoid frostbite of adjacent tissues. A method for increasing the efficiency of the system is proposed, according to which the preliminary cooling of thermal power plants by an external source of cold is used, as well as by the use of forced operating modes of thermal fuel cells TEB.

Despite the emergence of new and improvementof current methods of the diagnostics and treatmentof cancer of the maxillofacial region, its diagnosis is often untimely and late. One of the reasons for this situation is the insufftcientcancer alertness of dentists during the examination of the patient. Therefore, it is very important to emphasize the training of dental residents in this tield, paying particular attention for preventive and sanitary-educational measures and, of course, early diagnosis of precancerous conditions of the maxillofacial region, oral mucosa, tongue and lips. A young specialist should clearly understand the routing of patients with this pathology.

Perfect anterior restoration acts as an advertisement for the skills of the dental professional. Most interventions in anterior maxilla are accomplished with the direct placement of composite resins. The skill of the dentist to achieve a natural anatomical shape and color match with the adjacent teeth are prerequisites to achieving a pleasing esthetic result, which can also be assessed easily by the patients. This case report describes minimally invasive restoration of the tooth trauma during the orthodontics using stratfTcation technique.

The article considers principle and method of treatment of patient with skeletal class 2 malocclusion. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the treatment effectiveness of Carrier Distalizer. Overall, the Carriere Distalizer appears to be effective in early results in the treatment of Class II malocclusion.