Aim. To assess the dependence of electrodontometry indicators on the configuration of the root canal and to determine the value of the resultant action of the current at which patients have a response to electrodontometry.

Materials and methods. The research consisted in the creation of computer models of teeth and their analysis by the finite element method in the COMSOL Multiphysics program. The removed tooth 2.2 was chosen as a prototype for 3D computer models. The tooth was dissected into fragments 2 millimeters thick, from which the geometric parameters of hard tissues and the position of the root canal were removed. Based on these data, a 3D model of the tooth was built. Based on the 2.2 tooth model, 5 models of the same tooth were constructed, simulating the stages of its root formation.

Results. In all models, with an increase in the channel width in the apex area from 0.3 mm to 2.55 mm, the current density in this area decreased from 26.92 A/m² to 0.63 A/m². The maximum current density in the models was recorded in the narrowest part of the root canal and ranged from 26.01 A/m² to 26.75 A/m².

Conclusions. The strength of the diagnostic current that causes a response in patients during electrodontometry depends on the configuration of the root canal, namely, on the cross–sectional area in the narrowest part of the root canal, where the maximum current density is recorded. The current density at which patients have a response to electrodontometry is 26-27 A/m².

Aim: to provide a morphological study of the areas of cement resorption of the tooth root to assess the regenerative function of cement in destructive forms of periodontitis.

Materials and methods. The studies were carried out on scanning electron and light microscopes.

Results. It was found that in some places resorption lacunae and cement defects of the root of the tooth are filled with granulation tissue and cement cells. The cementum and periodontal tissues are closely related. Cement cells are covered with components of the extracellular matrix (ECM), which is synthesized by connective tissue cells.

Conclusions. Given the presence of poorly differentiated cells in the periodontal tissues, it is possible to restore the tissue of the cementum of the tooth root if adequate conditions are created during the treatment process.

Aim. Evaluation of the frequency of occurrence of various variants of the structure of root canals and methods for their processing in the practice of a dentist-therapist.

Material and methods. 30 doctors who worked in the specialty "therapeutic dentistry" for 2-20 years were interviewed using questionnaires in various dental institutions in Izhevsk and Sarapul in the Udmurt Republic; and also analyzed 81 medical record of patients who underwent primary endodontic treatment for caries complication at LLC Center for Professional Dentistry "APEX" in Izhevsk for 6 months of 2022. The following data were copied from medical records: the age of the patient, the disease of the tooth, the number of diagnosed root canals and the method of their instrumental processing, as well as the size of the primary and main files. In a laboratory experiment, 30 human one-two-rooted teeth were used removed for orthodontic indications or for periodontal diseases in various techniques, and apical patency was assessed by irrigating the canals with a tinted solution to control its exit beyond the apex.

Results. From the personal data, it was found that the second molars have the largest number of options for the number of root canals (from 1 to 5 root canals). In 73.4% of physicians, molars and lower incisors cause difficulty in instrumentation, in almost 75% of cases root canals are passable for files of size 10, when working with rotary instruments, preference is given to the Step Back method in the “one length” technique, the use of such instruments in such technique in 46.6% of cases leads to an increase in apical patency.

Aim. To study and analyze the prevalence, intensity of caries in children during the period of early mixed dentition (6-9 years) depending on age and gender.

Materials and methods. In accordance with the goal, an epidemiological survey of the child population was carried out as part of preventive medical examinations of minors to study dental morbidity in children aged 6 to 9 years in Moscow. Clinical research methods were used to determine the dental status of the examined children. The results of the survey were processed statistically.

Conclusions. The prevalence of caries in children aged 6-9 years corresponds to the average level in all age periods, for both sexes. The index of caries intensity at the age of 6 years in boys is higher than in girls (p = 0.013), at the age of 7 and 8 years, boys and girls have a similar caries intensity (p = 0.6), at 9 years old, girls have a higher caries intensity (p < 0.0001). In boys, there is no statistically significant difference in the index of caries intensity depending on age (p = 0.064), in girls there is a tendency towards an increase in the caries intensity index (p < 0.0001). In all age periods, the “с” and “С” components prevail in the structure of the caries intensity index, and this component is higher in girls than in boys. The indicator "f" and "F" in all age periods is higher in boys than in girls.

Aim. To consider and analyze early and late complications that occur during autologous soft tissue augmentation in dental practice, since knowledge of complications helps the doctor to choose the right approach and materials for the treatment of any disease.

Materials and methods. The publications in the electronic databases PubMed , Google Scholar and other reliable resources, were studied during a systematic review of the literature. the author has selected articles whose content concerns the study of complications arising from autologous soft tissue augmentation in outpatient dental practice.

Results. 71 articles we reviewed during the review. After analyzing the literature for inclusion criteria, the total number of publications has become 30.

Conclusions. according to the studied literature, it can be assumed that the main complications arising from autologous soft tissue augmentation in dental practice include: bleeding, pain, swelling, increased sensitization, damage to nerve and/or vascular elements and flap necrosis.

At the age of 18 to 25, independent life begins, when most young people face the first difficulties of life, and in this age the issue of caring for oral hygiene fades into the background.Review the literature to identify the overall status of dental health and oral hygiene for young adult in Vietnam between other countries. Research results: Articles analyzed based on Pubmed, Medline, Web of Science, Scopus and Embase platforms (Key words: young adult, oral health status, decay, periodont; Numbers Russian research: 35, numbers foreigner research: 32). In some countries, insufficient attention has yet been paid to the status of dental health and the state of oral hygiene among young adult in the age group from 18 to 25 years. To prevent the deterioration of the dental health of the general population as a whole, measures of sanitary and educational work are needed, as well as constant monitoring of the state of dental health among young adult. Poor oral hygiene can lead to the development of carious and periodontal diseases among young adult.

One of the most important aspects of endodontic therapy is determining the correct working length. Cleaning, shaping, and obturation cannot be done correctly unless the working length is properly established. As a result, an accurate root canal working length assessment is required for expected endodontic success. Endodontic literature heavily focuses on a plethora of root canal morphologies. However, none has come across a mandibular molar with a 28mm canal length or ever has been reported. To our knowledge, we present the successful endodontic management of the mandibular first molar with an unusually long root length and canal.

Paresthesia in the chin area may not always be caused by a neurological condition. Sometimes persistent and prolonged treatment of the trigeminal nerve for neuralgia, does not have a positive result. One cause of mandibular numbness may be caused by compression on the mandibular canal by an odontogenic cyst.

Aim. To demonstrate the clinical symptomatology and radiological signs of mandibular nerve damage in a 48-year-old patient who underwent re-treatment of the lower left seventh tooth in 2 visits with long-term clinical and radiological follow-up.

Aim. To demonstrate the results of polymerase chain reaction in real time.

Materials and methods. The gum fragment was placed in 1 ml of RNA-leiter ("QIAGEN", Germany), incubated for a day at +4C, samples were stored at -70 °C.

To obtain cDNA from the RNA matrix, a ready-made set of reagents MMLV RT Kit ("Eurogen", Russia) was used, the reaction was carried out according to the attached instructions. 2 µl of random decanucleotide primer (Random dN) and 1 µl of sterile RNase-free water were added to 6 µl of RNA, heated at +70C in a “Termit” thermostat (“DNA-Technology”, Russia) for 2 min to melt secondary RNA structures, then stored on ice (+4C). 4 ml of 5X buffer was added to the reaction mixture for the synthesis of the first chain (280 mM Tris-HCl, 375 mM KCl, 30 mM MgCl2, pH 8,7), 2 ml of dNTP mixture, 2 ml of DTT and 2 ml of sterile water free of RNase. Immediately before the reaction, 1 ml of MMLV revertase (reverse transcriptase of mouse leukemia virus) was added to the mixture and added to the RNA. The test tubes were heated in the Gnome thermostat (“DNA- Technology”, Russia) at +39C for 60 minutes, then at +70C for 10 minutes in the “Termit” thermostat (“DNA-Technology”, Russia).

Results. The expression of IL-4, IL-10, IL-6, IL-12b, IL-1ß, MMP9 mRNA was not detected in the studied samples. The results of the polymerase chain reaction in real time showed that the expression levels of the proinflammatory cytokine TNFa and TIMP1 genes did not differ in both the autograft group and the collagen membrane group. The expression of MMP 2 and TIMP 2 was higher in the group using a collagen membrane, which is probably associated with tissue regeneration processes.

Conclusions. Fibro-guide collagen matrix shows no less effective clinical results in comparison with autografts

Alveolar osteitis is an infectious complication after tooth extraction. They appear in two forms: serous, characterized by pain syndrome and decayed clot, purulent, which is identified by provoked pain and filling of alveoli, and chronic hypertrophic, in which body temperature decreases and general well-being improves.

Aim. To explore different methods of preventing and treating alveolar osteitis.

Alveolar osteitis usually occurs more frequently in young adults between the ages of 30 and 50 and is slightly more common in women than in men. Treatment methods for dry socket are quite limited, but there are a large number of drugs for treatment: eugenol-based drugs, chlorhexidine, antibiotics, analgesics and local anesthetics, enzymes, hemostatic agents, hormonal agents soaked in collagen sponges, pastes, gels, turundas, preparations based on biopolymers such as chitosan, and platelet-rich plasma.

Relevance. According to statistics, the widespread use in modern dental practice of indirect restoration methods in the treatment of caries of the frontal group of teeth leads to an increase in the incidence of marginal periodontal disease. According to modern data, the most important etiological factor in the development of complications from the hard tissues of the tooth and periodontal is the microflora of plaque.

The main link in carrying out preventive measures and the guarantee of the quality of the rehabilitation period is an adequate choice of personal oral hygiene products. It is for this reason that, when choosing a preventive program and personal hygiene products, especially in patients with extensive restorations (including indirect ones), more and more attention is currently being paid to toothpastes based on medicinal herbs, aluminum lactate, which have an anti-inflammatory, astringent effect, reducing bleeding gums and hyperesthesia of hard tooth tissues.

Aim. Comparison of the clinical effectiveness of the standard prevention program and the prevention program using individual oral hygiene products based on aluminum lactate in the treatment of caries by the indirect method, as well as improving the effectiveness of indirect methods of caries treatment by preventing its recurrence and inflammatory complications from periodontal tissues by developing practical recommendations.

Materials and methods. The work was carried out in the design of an open comparative three-stage prospective nonrandomized study. The necessary material was collected using clinical, laboratory and statistical methods. The material for the study was 98 patients with indirect restorations of the frontal group of teeth, of which 46 people had restoration from metal-free ceramics E-max and 52 people from pre-polymerized composite and divided into groups according to the hygienic means used and the type of restoration. A micronuclear test in the gingival epithelium with the establishment of the frequency of occurrence and spectrum of nuclear aberrations in the cells of the gingival epithelium was carried out in vitro. Statistical data processing was carried out using standard packages Statistika 8.1 and SPSS-11.

Results. Based on the results of 2236 clinical and 550 laboratory studies stating the condition of the hard tissues of the tooth, the tooth-restoration boundary, the tissues of the marginal periodontal and the evaluation of the effectiveness of the hygiene product used, the results of statistical processing and the use of high technologies to solve the tasks, it can be said that traditional means of individual oral hygiene have sufficient effectiveness when used in preventive program of recurrence of carious process and periodontal diseases, but significantly higher with a statistically significant difference in effectiveness, especially in terms of anti-inflammatory action, are products containing aluminum lactate, which has a direct and direct impact on the quality of restoration and dental rehabilitation of the patient even 24 months after treatment.

Conclusions. Personal oral hygiene products containing aluminum lactate, which has pronounced astringent and antiinflammatory properties. These remedies should be the subject of choice in the most difficult clinical situations, such as diagnosed periodontal diseases with the preservation of complaints (pain, bleeding gums, unpleasant odor, etc.), low level of oral hygiene, rehabilitation period after periodontal treatment, prevention of periodontal diseases in patients with extensive restorations. The use of personal oral hygiene products containing aluminum lactate will significantly improve the effectiveness of treatment and prevention of caries including indirect methods, reduce the risk of repeated invasions and ensure full-fledged dental rehabilitation of the patient directly affecting his quality of life.

Aim.  To determine the occurrence of dentoalveolar anomalies and to determine the need for orthodontic care among the child population in the central region of Cameroon.

Materials and methods. The study was conducted in 1008 children aged 3 to 15 years, including 511 girls and 497 boys. To assess the need for occlusal correction, the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN) was used, and the WHO international chart was filled out to assess the dental status. The use of the epidemiological index, based both on the aesthetic component of malocclusion and on objective clinical signs, made it possible to most reliably identify those in need of treatment.

Results. As a result of the study, the average prevalence of dentoalveolar anomalies in children aged 3-15 years old, living in Yaounde, the capital of Cameroon, was 27.9%.

Conclusion. The obtained data can be used for science-based planning of medical and preventive treatment.