Aims. To analyse the impact of electromagnetic oscillations in the sound range on diffusion the 3.25 % solution of sodium hypochlorite in the dentine of the tooth root.

Materials and methods. A pilot study on diffusion of 3.25% of solution of sodium hypochlorite with dye fuchsine red was executed on 100 extracted teeth of the person. The control group was made by 40 teeth, the introduction of an antiseptic was conducted without use of sound waves. The main group of 60 teeth was divided into 3 subgroups. For the purpose of intensifying of the penetration of an antiseptic in each subgroup, electromagnetic oscillations (frequency range around 20,000 Hz) were applied with exposition time respectively 1 minute, 2 minutes, 3 minutes.

Results. Application of sound waves in the canal of a tooth root led to augmentation of penetration of an antiseptic in the system of dentinal canaliculus and microchannels of the tooth root dentine.

Conclusions. This process took place most effectively in single-root teeth when exposed to sound vibrations, smaller efficiency is revealed in multirooted teeth that indicates the difference in physical properties of the tissues of the various groups of the teeth.

Relevance. The study of the relationship between dental morbidity and immune status is relevant due to the high prevalence of caries and the level of somatic health of children in Makhachkala.

Materials and methods. The survey involved 425 children aged 2 to 17 years, long-term residents in Makhachkala. The average value of the CPI index corresponds to 5.5. To determine the relationship between the presence of caries and the immune status of children, 33 patients were selected from the examined to participate in a study to determine immunoglobulins in oral fluid in three age periods (11 children aged 6, 12 and 15 years). Oral fluid intake in patients was carried out 2 hours after meals. Determination of the concentration of immunoglobulins (secretory sIgA, IdA, IgM and IgG) was carried out using a set of reagents for enzyme immunoassay determination of the concentration of secretory immunoglobulins in "Invitro". Statistical analysis of the material was carried out using the IBM SPSS Statistics Standard program.

Results. In Makhachkala, an increase in the prevalence of caries with age was revealed in preschoolers (6 years) 78.2 ± 0.3%, in adolescence (12 years) 78.9 ± 0.2%, in children with permanent bite (15 years) reaches 85.2 ± 0.6%. Studies of the immune status showed that immunoglobulins varied individually and by age groups. sIgA immunoglobulin, which allows to control immunity before the disease, decreased by more than 3 times by the period of permanent bite. Immunoglobulin IgA, which plays a protective function in humoral immunity, decreased by more than 70% by the period of permanent bite. IgM immunoglobulin increased by more than 40% in children by the age of 15. Changes also occurred with the content of the enzyme lysozyme, decreasing by the age of 15 years almost 6 times from the norm.

Conclusions. The high morbidity rate of the children's population in Makhachkala is associated with anthropogenic impact, poor-quality drinking water, air and indicates the need for early detection of chronic somatic diseases and the organization of preventive and medical-dental care for children from an early age. 

Aim. To identify the relationship between the presence of a "missed" root canal and the periapical status.

Materials and methods. 500 CBCT images of patients of both sexes were studied: 2915 teeth after endodontic treatment, of which 1549 were multicanal. Profile diagnostic criteria were used to identify the "missed" canal.

Results. 518 "missed" root canals were revealed, which accounted for 33.4% of the number of multi-canal teeth. In 228 cases, changes in periapical tissues were noted, including 1 case of widening of periodontal ligament space, which accounted for 44% of the total number of "missed" canals. It was noted that the risk of developing apical periodontitis is higher for cases with "missed" canals (p < 0.001). The relationship between the untreated canal and the periapical status is statistically assessed as medium or relatively strong, which confirms the relevance of accurate diagnosis of the anatomy and topography of the root canal system at all stages and by all available methods.

Conclusions. In case of sufficient duration of observation, absence of symptoms, absence of periapical changes (radiologically) – repeated treatment for the purpose of endodontic treatment of the "missed" root canal is not justified. If there are changes in the periapical tissues, repeated endodontic intervention should be performed. In this case, preference should be given to endodontic re-treatment using a microscope. 

The maxillary diastema is a common asthetic problem in patients. Assess and diagnose may be challenging due to the many factors that influences the alteration of tooth eruption process and tooth shape. Appropriate technique and material for effective treatment are based on time, physical, psychological, and economical limitations. Direct composite resins in diastema cases allow dentist and patient complete control of these limitations and formation of natural smile. In this case report multiple maxillary diastemas were closed with direct composite resin restorations in without any preparation. 

Aim. 1) To study the development of emotional burnout syndrome among dentists of different genders, ages, seniority and place of work, and different specializations. 2) Analyze the effectiveness of motivational interviewing (MI) among dentists with symptoms of emotional burnout. 3) To study the influence of MI on the behavior and psycho-emotional state of dentists, on the development of emotional burnout syndrome, empathy and job satisfaction.

Materials and Methods. Studying the relevance of "motivational interviewing" in PubMed and Web of Science databases. Evaluation of the effectiveness of MI in medical practice among dentists with symptoms of emotional burnout. Modification of the professional burnout questionnaire in accordance with the specifics of the professional duties of dentists and the manifestations of burnout. A questionnaire was conducted to determine the development of professional burnout syndrome among dentists.

Results. In this study, we conducted a questionnaire among 135 dentists, taking as a sample the Questionnaire of emotional burnout K. Maslach and S. Jackson. Based on this model, the "Areas of Worklife Survey" and the "General Health Questionnaire" (General Health Questionnaire GHQ-12) were constructed and modified. The questionnaire showed that among dentists, pediatric dentists suffer from a large percentage of the development of burnout (75%), followed by dental therapists (65%), universal dentists (44%), dental surgeons (38%), orthopedic dentists (35%), dentists and orthodontists (30%). The presence of signs of burnout requires corrective action such as the method of motivational interviewing. We have developed methodological recommendations for individual training with the use of MI for dentists of various specialties with emotional burnout syndrome. The results of the study show that the percentage of dentists with burnout after training with MI becomes 3% less.

Conclusions. Timely preventive and corrective measures reduce the negative impact of the burnout syndrome on the personality of a professional. Motivational interviewing is useful for strengthening motivation to change behavior in dentists working with patients who have various behavioral problems. 

Aim. 1) Based on the survey conducted by us, to assess the prevalence of burnout among dentists of different specialties. 2) To determine the characteristic symptom complexes. 3) To study the effect of burnout on the professional activity of a dentist.

Materials and Methods. With the help of a questionnaire compiled by us, a survey was conducted among 135 dentists of various specialties to identify the development of emotional burnout syndrome. Typical symptoms of burnout were evaluated and a symptom complex characteristic of the development of burnout was identified.

Results. Among 135 respondents (40 men and 95 women), 55 of whom were dentists-therapists, 25-orthopedic dentists, 27 – orthodontists, 15–pediatric dentists, 5 dentists-surgeons, 8- universal dentists. All doctors reported the presence of symptoms such as: increased fatigue, drowsiness, mood changes, increased conflict; many noted the appearance of health problems: increased blood pressure, shortness of breath, frequent headaches and the presence of emotional symptoms: loneliness, sadness, disappointment in the profession, anxiety, cynicism. Which can be combined into symptom complexes characteristic of burnout: muscle symptoms, gastrointestinal symptoms, cardiovascular symptoms, respiratory symptoms, symptoms from the central nervous system, cardiovascular symptoms. The survey showed that pediatric dentists suffer from a large percentage of burnout (75%), followed by dental therapists (65%), general dentists (44%), dental surgeons (38%), orthopedic dentists (35%), dentists orthodontists (30%). Women are more prone to burnout (70%) than men. Dentists in the age range of 26-35 years are more likely to develop burnout (65.2%).

Conclusions. The prevalence of the development of emotional burnout syndrome varies significantly depending on the narrow professional orientation of the specialist. Characteristic symptoms in the development of burnout were identified and isolated into symptom complexes. 

Satisfaction with the results of complex dental treatment, and its impact on the quality of life of patients in the conditions of previously conducted complex or combined anticancer therapy.

Aim. To assess the change in the quality of life of patients in remission of oncological diseases after complex dental treatment.

Materials and methods. Quality of life and aesthetic outcome were assessed using the University of Washington scale (UWQOL) and visual analog scale. The data were analyzed and a comparative evaluation of the results of the main and control groups was carried out.

Result. In both groups, different results of satisfaction with appearance and functionality were obtained, patients of the main group demonstrated high rates of chewing function, psychological comfort and comfort when eating in public (p < 0.01).

Conclusions. This study proves that surgical dental rehabilitation of patients in remission of oncological diseases with partial or complete absence of teeth allows patients to significantly improve their quality of life.

The article presents an analytical review of current data on the effectiveness of the use of obturator prostheses in patients with oral cancer after treatment. Literature search was performed on Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid Embase, Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, Yandex in the period 2012 – 2022. The search terms were head and neck cancer, oral cavity cancer, orthopedic dental rehabilitation, prosthetics, obturator prosthesis. The success of orthopedic rehabilitation with an obturator prosthesis depends on the size and shape of the dentition after surgical removal of the cancer, as well as on the quality of the soft tissues covering the alveolar process and the resection cavity. Obturator prostheses improve oral function in patients with maxillary defects. The growth of 3D technologies in the diagnosis, planning and rehabilitation of the oral cavity is enormous, and it is advisable to use them to build models and prostheses. 

Background: The article presents experimental studies conducted on Wistar rats in the amount of 50 individuals. An artificial gum recession defect was created.

Aim: to evaluate the effectiveness of creating a gum recession model in the proposed way.

Material and methods: Experimental animals at the beginning of the study had an intact oral mucosa: pale pink color, without pathological changes. An experimental model of gum recession was created by excision of V-shaped periodontal tissues from the vestibular surface in the area of the lower jaw incisors of a rat, then a DispodentPak No. 000 retraction thread was applied in the area of the lower central incisors in the circular ligament of the tooth to a depth of 1.5 mm, and Vitrebond dental glass ionomer cement was applied to the vestibular surface of the neck of the tooth of the lower incisors, with at the same time, prednisone is administered intramuscularly at the rate of 12 mg / kg of animal weight on the 1st, 3rd and 5th day. For the experiment, female white rats in the amount of 50 individuals were used as a model. All animals were divided into 2 groups depending on the method of creating a gum recession defect. In the control group of rats, the defect was created according to the standard procedure by conducting a V-shaped incision.

Results: When creating the proposed model of experimental gum recession, the clinical and pathomorphological picture is achieved under the influence of local factors: V-shaped gum incision, retraction thread, dental glass ionomer cement. To suppress the processes of self-regeneration of the gums, the optimal dose of prednisone is administered.

Conclusions: On the 3rd day of the experiment, a V-shaped defect was observed in animals. On the 10th day, clinical signs of gum recession are determined: a defect with a depth of 2 mm. The average depth of recession in animals was (2 ± 1.7 mm). A relatively short process of modeling a gum recession (no more than a month). In this case, a local lesion of the gum is created, not burdened by any other pathology in the animal, and having both local and general (stress) pathogenetic factors, against the background of changes in the reactivity of the organism, which corresponds to the modern theory of the occurrence of recession as a polyethological disease in humans. 

The microelement composition of saliva makes it possible to analyze the processes occurring in the oral cavity and the body as a whole, both under conditions of normal functioning and in the presence of pathological processes. At the same time, the technical simplicity of performing trace element analysis of salivary fluid as a possible diagnostic criterion for various diseases contributes to a significant number of studies devoted to the search for possible correlations between the trace element composition of salivary fluid and various types of pathologies. The possibility of using the analysis of the microelement composition of saliva in determining concomitant pathologies of organs and systems of the body as a whole is a promising direction in scientific research, including applied research. The article analyzes the possibilities of using microelement analysis of saliva in such pathologies as psoriasis, Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia, pathology of the gastrointestinal tract, diabetes mellitus, pathology of the cardiovascular system, giardiasis, oncological diseases. It is noted that at present, the determination of the microelement composition of saliva in various pathological conditions is considered as a promising clinical direction that allows for the simultaneous diagnosis of several diseases in real time. 

The comorbidity of diseases reflects the mutual influence of pathological conditions of individual organs and systems of the body, which requires taking into account the current state of the patient. The presence of comorbidity in modern dentistry is one of the important problems that require attention in diagnosing a patient's condition, selecting treatment tactics and predicting the results of interventions. The possibility of diagnosing concomitant diseases by changing the microelement composition of saliva makes it possible to more effectively determine their presence, the severity of the existing concomitant pathology and determine the optimal treatment tactics.

Trace elements contained in saliva regulate a number of biological processes, and their level reflects the state of homeostasis of the oral cavity, and in systemic diseases, the composition of saliva has a strong correlation with blood plasma and, therefore, can reflect the state of health of the body.

There are both comorbidity of exclusively dental pathology, and comorbidity of dental diseases with other somatic pathologies. At the same time, the determination of changes in the microelement composition of saliva may indicate the development of inflammatory processes both in the oral cavity and in the body as a whole, a decrease in antioxidant protection, damage to enzyme systems and ion channels, pathological changes in mucous membranes, etc. . The possibility of analyzing the microelement composition of saliva in assessing the comorbidity of a patient's comorbidities seems to be a promising area of research in modern dentistry.