Experimental studies were conducted on 14 mongrel dogs 2-5 years old, weighing from 3 to 12 kg. Vital pulpectomy was performed with intravenous anesthesia of sodium thiopental. All animals whose teeth were examined were divided into 3 groups depending on the method of vital pulpectomy. At 10, 20 and 30 days, features of the wound process in the periapical tissues were determined. After decalcination using trilon B we made serial sections 7 μm thickness. The preparations were stained with hematoxylin-eosin or picrofuchsin according to Van Gieson after pouring into paraffin. The traditional method of vital pulpectomy leads to an acute inflammatory reaction in the complex of periapical tissues - a periodontal and bone edema, necrosis of the connective tissue, an osteoclastic reaction. Residual effects of inflammation persist after 20 days. After 30 days the signs of resorption of necrotic tissues, the formation of granulation tissue and the formation of coarse-fibrous tissue with persisting inflammation were established. When using low-frequency ultrasonic and solcoseryl, there was an inflammatory reaction in the periodontal tissue, with predominant preservation of fibrous structures with no signs of necrosis. No signs of inflammation were found in bone tissue, cement and dentin.

Strength characteristics of restoration materials, namely their resistance to abrasive wear, are of great importance in choosing a treatment method for increased dental abrasion. The purpose of this study was to research the abrasive wear of materials for direct and indirect dental restorations in patients with increased dental abrasion by measuring areas of the teeth occlusion using computer occlusiograms. Patients who underwent direct restorations with nanocomposite and indirect restorations with lithium disilicate ceramic restorations as a treatment for increased dental abrasion were underwent occlusiography by using TScan III (Tekscan, USA) 1 month and 24 months after the treatment was completed, to measure the area of teeth occlusion in the IP position (a multi-point occlusal contact position). The degree of dental abrasion of restoration materials provided judging on changing the area of occlusal contacts in the same patient over time and in compared with the area of occlusal contacts in the control group. The results of the study shown that the resistance to abrasive wear of ceramic restorations is in consistent with a tooth enamel, and nanocomposite materials, despite their durability, are prone to abrasion as well. Therefore, indirect ceramic restorations should be in preference in treatment of increased dental abrasion, in which an increased occlusive load is one of the clinical manifestations.

The level of thiol SH-groups and the activity of glutathione reductase in the oral fluid of patients with nonremovable ceramic and cermet structures have been determined. 57 patients with cermet and ceramic non-removable bridges were examined. The average age of the patients was 36.3 ± 3.55 years. The study included patients who did not have more than 3 teeth. A total of 137 non-removable bridges were found, of which 61 were ceramic-metal and 76 ceramics were whole-ceramic. The patients were divided into two groups: group I - 25 patients with cermet removable bridge restorations; Group II - 32 patients with whole-ceramic restorations. After 6 months. after prosthetics in comparison with the initial, the concentration of thiol groups in patients with cermet prosthesis increased by 21.1%, in patients with ceramic prostheses - by 27.2% (p <0.05). After 6 months. the activity of the enzyme in patients of the I group was higher than the initial activity by 27.4% (p <0.05) and above the activity, which was observed after 7 days, by 21.6%. At this stage of the study, the GR activity was below the control one by 7.8%. In patients of group II after 6 months. after prosthetics, the enzyme activity was higher than the baseline by 45.6% (p <0.05) and 26.4% (p <0.05) higher than 7 days later. In patients with ceramic restorations, GR activity after 6 months. practically did not differ from the control one.

26 patients with chronic apical periodontitis had clinical and laboratory examinations with a following treatment. The anaerobic microflora of 40 dental root canals were examined before and after a week treatment to assess the efficacy of the antiseptic paste «Metapex». The sampling and PCR study of the root canal contents indicate the insufficient efficacy of a single paste application. Thus, metronidazole-containing compositions effectively suppressing the anaerobic microflora of root canals are more preferable in a dental practice.

A comparative analysis of the contact angle wetting of imported and new domestic products for endodontic irrigation has been carried out. The obtained data show that the range of products for endodontic irrigation developed by the Department of General Dentistry of the Belarussian State Medical University and BelAseptika-Des JLK, which includes the original 3% sodium hypochlorite solution for antiseptic treatment and chemical dilatation of the root canals of teeth «Dentiseptin» and «Endoseptin 17» for revealing the mouth of the root canals and their expansion, which contains solutions of EDTA sodium salts, is not inferior in its «wettability» properties, but also exceeds that of foreign analogues. Since penetration of the irrigant is directly related to wettability, this property can serve as a good criterion for assessing the effectiveness of irrigation.

Despite the achievements of modern dentistry, the question of choosing the apical termination point of root canals for endodontic treatment remains opened. It is known, that the inflammatory processes of the tooth pulp do not make a destructive effect on the apical constriction, when this inflammation is limited to the root canal. At the same time, the safety of the apical constriction in the tooth’s root canal with chronic apical periodontitis remains questionable because of the possibility of spreading destructive processes from the periapical tissues to the inner and outer surface of the tooth root. The article presents the results of studying the variability of apical constriction in healthy teeth, and also in teeth with apical periodontitis. A demonstration of an apical constriction on the "transparent tooth" model was made.

The Poisson ratio and the Young’s modulus form a pair of independent material constants of solids. For hard tooth tissues the Poisson’s ratio should correspond to the Poisson’s ratio of restorative materials in order to avoid overstresses at the border of the sections, restoration material-enamel and restoration material-dentin on microscopic level. In this paper on base orientation dependencies the extremal (minimum and maximum) Poisson’s coefficients of dentin and enamel are calculated. In the analysis, dentin and enamel was considered as an anisotropic medium with hexagonal symmetry with a known matrix of elastic constants. It is established that the interval of possible values of the Poisson’s ratio of dentin and enamel is much wider than the range of changes in the Poisson’s ratio of known dental composite materials, which in some cases can reduce the quality of restorations in microvolumes. It is shown that the maximum value of the Poisson’s ratio of dentin (0.534) is greater than the upper theoretic limit for the Poisson’s ratio of isotropic materials.

The article presents information on root canal anatomy for the mandibular teeth among the residents of the Moscow region obtained by cone-beam computed tomography. The achievements of science and technology in recent years allow a wide use of cone-beam computed tomography to study the anatomy of the root canal system, which is extremely important for dentists working in endodontic practice.

Research subject: temporary disability cases in patients with odontogenic inflammatory maxillofacial diseases treated in dental medical organizations for 11 years. Research objective: to study the group of odontogenic inflammatory maxillofacial diseases as a factor affecting the duration of temporary disability cases in the Republic of Tatarstan (RT) in 2007-2017. Material and methods: accounting-and-reporting forms 16-ВН, 036/у, 035/у, 043/у in dental medical organizations for the period 2007-2017. Results: the structure of odontogenic inflammatory diseases, leading to temporary disability was determined; the relationship of this group with other factors affecting the duration of temporary disability of patients was defined. Among the group of odontogenic inflammatory maxillofacial diseases, leading to the temporary disability, we identified the following nosologies: Periostitis (K10.22) – 51.6%; Exacerbation of chronic periodontitis (K04.5) – 9.6%; Acute pericoronitis (K05.2) – 8.1%; Odontogenic maxillary sinusitis (J01.0, J32.0) – 7%; Radicular cyst (K02.8) – 6.5%; Alveolitis (K10.3) – 4%; Odontogenic osteomyelitis (K10.2) – 2.4%; Lymphadenitis of mandibular nodes (L04.0) – 1%; Maxillofacial abscess (К12.2) – 1%; Polypathia – 8,8% of cases. Depending on gender, the inflammatory diseases of odontogenic origin, leading to temporary disability, are divided as follows: male patients – 42.3%, female patients – 57.7%. The greatest number of temporary disability cases associated with this group of diseases was detected in 2013, the smallest group – in 2017. At the same time, the average duration of temporary disability cases was 5.6 ± 0.08 days; it characterized by a statistically significant positive dynamics, increasing over the study period from 4.88 to 6.45 days. Conclusions: the analysis of the data obtained during the research showed statistically significant differences in the structure of temporary disability cases in odontogenic inflammatory maxillofacial diseases, depending on gender, age, seasonality and year of observation.

For the time being, there are many laboratory and clinical techniques, which are widely used for the diagnosis of gingivitis, but the exact method of prognosis and early diagnosis of gingivitis in children hasn’t been revealed yet. Among the new diagnostic techniques being under development, is infrared spectroscopy, which is widely used in various fields of medicine and which has also found its application in dentistry is of great interest. In the article the materials of studies on the effectiveness of the use of the infrared spectroscopy method of oral biological fluids in children for early diagnostics of chronic catarrhal gingivitis are presented. Using this technique it is possible to predict the appearance of gingivitis in children at an early, pre-clinical stage, which is confirmed by our results. After the treatment the positive dynamics of the clinical state of periodontal tissues in patients are observed. Infrared spectroscopy is a non-invasive, inexpensive, easy to perform and highly informative method and can be used as an alternative way not only in the diagnosis of a periodontal disease, but also in the study of early forms of manifestations of the disease to assess the long-term results of treatment.

Laser is beginning to be actively used in modern endodontic practice. Antibacterial effect of the laser can be used for selective suppression of microorganisms. The aim of the study was to compare the quality of cleaning of the root canal inner wall after using various laser systems and photosensitizers. The research was conducted on extracted teeth the root canal of which were treated mechanically, medically according to the standard irrigation protocol with using ultrasound and laser treatment. We used apparatus for photodynamic therapy APhS-K 660 with photosensitizer «Photoditazine» and the diode laser complex «Lazurit» with photosensitizer «PACT Fluid Endo» for photoactivated disinfection. Then we obtained the tooth slices which we studied with scanning electron microscopy. As a result on the microphotographs of tooth slices we found incomplete removal of the «smear» layer, the minimal opening of dentinal tubules. The degree of contamination of the root canal inner wall after using the apparatus for photodynamic therapy APhS-K 660 in combination with photosensitizer «Photoditazine» was significantly higher than after using diode laser complex «Lazurit» and the photosensitizer «PACT Fluid Endo». The method of laser application requires further selection of regimes, duration of exposure and the sequence of inclusion of photodynamic therapy in the traditional root canal treatment scheme.

Resorption – the separate category of diseases of teeth which is characterized by loss of dentine as a result of action of osteoclast. In article the questions concerning an etiology, prevalence of resorptions, her diagnostics are taken up, a contribution of a computer tomography in diagnostics and forecasting, clinical decisions and therapeutic treatment of this pathology are discussed. The modern endodontic methods of treatment including use of increase, ultrasound in endodontic treatment, use of certain materials for temporary and constant sealing of root canals are described. In these conditions the forecast of conservative treatment of an internal resorption of solid tissues of tooth improves even if perforation of walls of the pulp cavity takes place.

The article presents the results of the implementation of the method of internal quality control of medical care in the dental treatment-and-prophylactic institution. A methodology for assessing the quality and effectiveness of endodontic treatment of teeth with pulpitis and periodontitis is described. It was noted that competent implementation of internal quality control of endodontic care allowed departmental hospitals to increase its effectiveness a year later in the treatment of complicated forms of single-root, two and three root teeth, respectively, to 77.8%, 60.7% and 60.6% of cases with pulpitis and, respectively, up to 69.2%, 75.0% and 65.6% of cases with periodontitis.

It is very difficult to perform a qualitative aesthetic tooth restoration, and it is even more difficult to give an objective assessment of the restoration. The previously developed clear scheme and criteria for evaluation simplified the procedure for determining the quality of the restoration made by doctors. However, the objectivity of such assessment is still in question due to the biased attitude to own work. Involvement of independent specialists into the evaluation procedure, as well as patients and their relatives, will increase the degree of analysis objectivity and increase the number of errors detected at the initial stage, when there is a possibility to correct them. Consequently, the more demanding and objective the assessment of the completed tooth restoration is, the higher will be its quality.

The article describes current issues related to the peculiarities of building relationships between health care workers and patients of elderly and old age in a dental medical organization.
Purpose: Authorial comprehensive study related to the research characteristics of quality of life in elderly and senile patients.
Methods: The methods of logical and statistical analysis were used while researching the question of measuring quality of life in elderly and senile patients.
Results: The organization of psychological support for patients visiting medical organizations can improve the quality of medical care for elderly patients, improve their social well-being and improve their quality of life.
Summary: Analysis of the psychological aspects of dental care for patients of elderly and senile age can improve the efficiency of medical dental care and improve the quality of life of the elderly.

Nowadays, sometime, the dentists unreasonably preferred surgical treatment instead of endodontic treatment. The article considers the clinical case of conservative treatment of a tooth with large periapical destruction and the results of dynamic observation.

The paper presents evidence for a relationship between the periodontal disease (PD) and chronic autoimmune inflammatory response. PD is associated with systemic inflammation and vascular disease, which is characterized by endothelial dysfunction and significant risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, diabetes, autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis. Further interdisciplinary research of various aspects of PD have prospects for rheumatic diseases.

The article, taking into account modern views on the emergence and development of dental caries, presents an analysis of the first domestic theory of the origin of the carious process, developed by an eminent domestic dentist Professor David Abramovich Entin, which since its inception has been more than 90 years. It is noted that getting acquainted with the theory of dental caries, D.A. Entin, you can find not only interesting facts from the history of dentistry, but also answers to many of the clinical issues of modern dentistry.