INTRODUCTION. Treatment with braces can correct pathologies of the bite, temporomandibular joint, and improve the facial and smile aesthetics. However, along with the positive effects of braces, there are a number of negative effects, one of which is the formation of denticles caused by mechanical stress during orthodontic treatment. Understanding not only the advantages, but also the disadvantages of braces systems can minimize the negative effects of treatment with non-removable orthodontic appliances by means of modern technologies.

AIM. Establishing the effects of mechanical forces applied to the tooth during orthodontic treatment with braces on the formation and growth of denticles.

MATERIALS AND METHODS. 41 cone-beam computed tomograms (CBCTs) of patients aged 11 to 59 years, randomly selected, treated with non-removable orthodontic appliances for two years were studied. A total of 90 teeth were found in which pulp denticles formed primarily or grew in size. CBCT was analyzed in Planmeca Romexis Review software before and 2 years after orthodontic treatment. Findings were recognized as statistically significant at p < 0.05.

RESULTS. The formation and development of denticles after wearing orthodontic appliances was observed in 87.2 % (n = 30) of cases). Primary denticle formation occurred in 46.2 % (n = 18) of cases, and an increase in denticle size was observed in 25.6 % (n = 10) of cases.

CONCLUSIONS. The obtained statistical data supports the relationship between the effects of mechanical stress on teeth during orthodontic treatment and denticle formation.

INTRODUCTION. The search for the optimal bleaching method that minimizes the side effects of bleaching and prolongs the result of bleaching is an urgent task of dentistry.

AIM. To study the effectiveness of the method of treating discoloritis in people exposed to harmful industrial factors.

MATERIALS AND METHODS. 40 somatically healthy patients aged 23 to 45 years old, working at the plant, with harmful production factors, were identified. Of these, 22 were women and 18 were men who had teeth whitening. Tooth shade was determined using the VITA SYSTEM 3D-MASTER® scale before, after, 14 days, 3, 6, 12 months after bleaching.

RESULTS. Examination of patients before the procedure of professional teeth whitening revealed the absence of hyperesthesia in all subjects (100 %), immediately after bleaching, the appearance of hypersensitivity in all patients was noted, based on clinical examination data and dynamics of the values of the IIGZ, IRGZ, Schiff and VAS indices, which creates the need for the use of remineralizing in persons working in hazardous production therapy. The assessment of the color shade of teeth after whitening revealed a change in color intensity in 100 % of cases, while the change in color lightness on the VITA SYSTEM 3D-MASTER scale was 1–2 steps. The use of the infiltration method after bleaching led to the restoration of the structure of hard tissues.

CONCLUSION. The conducted research indicates the appearance of 100 % dental hyperesthesia during the professional whitening procedure in persons exposed to harmful industrial factors.

INTRODUCTION. Conducting an epidemiological survey allows us to obtain reliable initial data on the level of prevalence and intensity of dental diseases, identify priority needs for providing all types of dental care to children, plan and implement dental programs, focusing on the initial dental status of the child population at different age periods.

AIM. To study the dental status of children of early and preschool age based on data from a cross-sectional epidemiological study.

MATERIALS AND METHODS. A cross-sectional epidemiological survey of the child population was conducted as part of preventive medical examinations of minors to study the dental morbidity of children of early (1–3 years) and preschool (4–6 years) age in Moscow. The study involved 1470 Moscow children aged 1 to 6 years old. The results of the survey were processed statistically.

RESULTS. Data analysis showed that the indicator of the need for oral sanitation tends to increase as children grow older. A statistically significant dependence of the need for rehabilitation on the age group was revealed. The indicator of previously sanitized children is variable at different age periods. The rate of natural sanitation decreases as children grow older. A statistically significant dependence of natural sanitation on the age group was revealed. Categorical variables (absolute and relative) of the need for sanitation are higher among girls in all age groups and lower among boys. But statistically significant differences in the need for sanitation in boys and girls were observed only in the age group 1 year, 3 years and 5 years. In the age groups of 2, 4 and 6 years, there was a similar need for sanitation among boys and girls; no statistically significant differences were identified, despite the fact that categorical variables (absolute and relative indicators) indicated a higher need for sanitation of the oral cavity in girls than boys.

CONCLUSIONS. Categorical (absolute and relative) variables indicate that the need for oral sanitation in girls is higher than in boys at all age periods.

AIM. To increase the effectiveness of prevention of development of pulp pathology in endo-periodontal lesions in patients with chronic periodontitis.

MATERIAL AND METHODS. In the course of the study, instrumental treatment of the outer surface of the extruded teeth was performed, which were divided into 3 groups: group 1 – ultrasonic skeleton “DTE D72” (n = 8); group 2 – Gracey curettes (n = 8); group 3 (control) – no treatment of the root surface (n = 8). Histological analysis of the extradited teeth, scanning electron microscopy of the teeth root surfaces treated, as well as energy dispersion X-ray spectroscopy of the examined nano-preparations were conducted.

RESULTS. In the coronal pulp, in 80% of cases, the presence of intrapulmonary calcificates was found, mainly in areas where cement integrity was impaired. Fractures and defects of the tooth root cement are 3 times more common in group 1 of the study than in groups 2 and 3, which correlates with the data of pigment penetration depth in the areas of cement destruction. The most effective obturation of the root outer surface was found in the first study group and amounted to 85%, which is 2 and 4 times more than the indicators of groups 2 and 3, respectively.

CONCLUSION. It has been shown that the best method of prevention of pulp pathology at endo-periodontal lesions is the use of Gracie curettes for carrying out hand scaling with subsequent impregnation of the treated tooth root surface with a “Dentin-sealing liquid”.

RELEVANCE. With the advent of nanotechnology, new dental products are being created with the addition of various nanoparticles to improve the quality of the material, as well as increase their durability and antibacterial therapy. Recently, nanoparticles of silver, calcium hydroxyapatite, calcium dioxide, magnesium, cinnamon and vanillin are included in orthodontic adhesives to prevent enamel demineralization during fixed appliance treatment. However, the strength of fixation of the bracket system to the tooth enamel plays an important role in resisting orthodontic and mechanical stress in the oral cavity to achieve precise control of tooth movement.

AIM. The purpose of this study is to provide an analytical review of laboratory studies on the shear bond strength of orthodontic adhesives modified with antibacterial nanoparticles.

MATERIALS AND METHODS. The eLibrary, PubMed and Google Scholar databases were queried for scientific articles published from 2019 to 2024 using the keywords: nanoparticles, orthodontics, bond strength, orthodontic adhesive, nanoadhesive. Thus, this article included 13 in vitro studies on the topic of shear adhesion strength of nanoadhesives, the remaining 40 scientific articles were devoted to the study of methods of using nanotechnologies in the orthodontic clinic, the properties of various nanoparticles and the problems of demineralization of dental tissue during the correction of dentoalveolar anomalies, their prevention.

CONCLUSION. Based on this analysis, it was found that most laboratory studies of orthodontic adhesives containing low concentrations of nanoparticles demonstrated positive antimicrobial potential while maintaining acceptable adhesive bond strength. However, further studies are needed in clinical settings, taking into account humidity and temperature changes in the oral cavity, to achieve the best mechanical performance and antibacterial effectiveness against biofilm-forming pathogens during orthodontic therapy.

The dental system formation depends on many factors, the influence of which is significant at all stages of development. Most often, these factors have a complex effect, it can be: genetic predisposition, environmental factors, bad habits and specific causes. Timely and effective orthodontic treatment of developmental abnormalities of the dentofacial apparatus remains a pressing problem for both adults and children, since dentofacial anomalies are quite common in our time and have a pronounced tendency to progress.

Among the clinical manifestations associated with occlusion pathology, reverse incisal overlap is not as widespread, but is the cause of the formation of functional and morphological disorders in the maxillofacial region and other body systems.

Early diagnosis and correct treatment of this pathology contributes to the harmonious development of the oral cavity and also the entire human musculoskeletal system.

AIM. Aim of this work is to substantiate the optimal characteristics of the apparatus for electroodontodiagnostics on the basis of studying the complex electrical resistance of tooth tissues.

MATERIALS AND METHODS. The study of complex tissue resistance during electroodontodiagnostics in 50 patients aged from 18 to 55 years was carried out. A total of 181 teeth were studied. All the teeth studied were with formed roots. 52 teeth were intact, 40 teeth had been previously treated for caries, 26 teeth had carious process, 21 teeth were diagnosed with pulpitis, 9 teeth were diagnosed with periodontitis, 33 teeth had been previously subjected to endodontic treatment.

RESULTS. The results of studying the complex tissue impedance during electroodontodiagnostics showed that the impedance module can be in a wide range from 120 kOhm to 3500 kOhm. At that, the main contribution to the complex impedance is made by the state of hard tissues of teeth.

CONCLUSION. The obtained results showed that the device for electroodontodiagnostics should automatically in a continuous mode to measure impedance and according to it to control the supply of the necessary exponentially increasing alternating sinusoidal current with a frequency of 50 Hz.

AIM. To determine the need for early orthodontic treatment of children with bad habits, to assess the need for complex treatment and involvement of doctors of different profiles to eliminate the pathology of the maxillofacial region.

MATERIALS AND METHODS. A comprehensive examination of children with bad habits at the age of 1 to 3 years was carried out, which included: questioning of parents, study of dental status, distribution of children into groups depending on the degree of need for orthodontic treatment.

RESULTS. The first group included 14 children (22.58 % ± 1.26) who had bad habits but did not need specialized orthodontic treatment. The second group included 23 patients (37.09 % ± 1.01) who required orthodontic treatment by myogymnastics. Patients of the third group, which included 8 patients (12.9 % ± 1.4), required specialized orthodontic treatment with prescription of removable appliances of mechanical and (or) functional action. The fourth group consisted of 10 children (16.12 % ± 1.35) who required complex dental treatment. The fifth group of need for orthodontic treatment included 7 children (11.29 % ± 1.43) who required not only dental treatment but also the involvement of general medical specialists.

CONCLUSION. Among young children the prevalence of bad habits remains high and the variety of their clinical manifestations does not always provide only orthodontic treatment.

AIM. The aim of this work is to evaluate the effectiveness of relief of masticatory muscle spasticity in patients with myofascial pain syndrome by a combined treatment method – the use of injections of botulinum toxin type A in combination with kinesiotaping.

MATERIALS AND METHODS. 36 people were examined in two stages – clinical and functional examination of the condition of the chewing muscles before the start of therapy, after 14 and 28 days.

RESULTS. At all follow-up periods, positive dynamics was obtained in determining the volume of oral cavity opening in active and passive form, assessing the motor activity of the chewing muscles on the MAS scale, intensity and duration of pain potential and according to myotonometric, ultrasound and electromyographic methods. To relieve myofascial pain syndrome, it is advisable to use a differentiated, patient-oriented approach.

CONCLUSIONS. Timely inclusion of botulinum therapy and kinesiotaping in the treatment plan is justified and appropriate, the choice of wait-and-see tactics can lead to the formation of persistent functional shifts, which further significantly complicates the relief of masticatory muscle spasticity in patients with myofascial pain syndrome.

AIM. Study of the dynamics of bone metabolism in the treatment of generalized periodontitis.

MATERIALS AND METHODS. 60 patients with chronic generalized periodontitis of moderate to severe severity were examined and treated. A group of 15 healthy individuals without periodontal disease served as a control group. To assess the dynamics of bone formation, blood parameters were measured for bone metabolism: osteocalcin levels, alkaline phosphatase levels, and β-CrossLaps levels. Densitometry of the proximal femoral and lumbar spine regions was also performed.

RESULTS. The study revealed increased bone metabolism compared with the control group, an increase in bone metabolism activity was found 3 months after treatment of patients with chronic generalized periodontitis, and after 12 months the values of the studied parameters did not differ from the control group.

CONCLUSIONS. Thus, when treating generalized periodontitis, it is necessary to use a treatment regimen that takes into account the individual mineral metabolism of the patient’s bone tissue.

AIM. To analyse the current literature data on the topic of the concept of saving dental health of students in the Russian Federation.

MATERIALS AND METHODS. Russian and foreign topical publications in electronic databases: Elibrary, Cyberleninka, GoogleScholar were analysed. The articles, the content of which refers to the concept of saving dental health of students in the Russian Federation, were selected and included in the review.

RESULTS. A total of 247 articles were reviewed. After analysing the literature according to the inclusion criteria, the final number was 83. The articles were selected and included in the review, the content of which is related to the concept of saving dental health among students of the Russian Federation.

CONCLUSIONS. The high prevalence of dental diseases among the younger generation indicates the need for wider implementation of preventive measures and introduction of preventive programmes.

INTRODUCTION. Over the past decades, there has been significant growth in adhesive technologies for fixed orthodontic appliances. Developments in adhesive systems have focused on simplified methods of use, improved composition and high bonding ability to tooth structure.

AIM. The aim of this study is to compare the shear bond strength of a 5^th generation adhesive system and a universal adhesive system in two etching techniques for fixation of metal brackets.

MATERIALS AND METHODS. The study consisted sample of 30 removed human upper premolars. The teeth were randomly distributed into three groups, 10 in each group. In the group 1, the Transbond XT adhesive system (3M Unitek) was used, in the group 2 – the universal adhesive Tetric N bond Universal (Vivapen) in the etching technique, in the group 3 – Tetric N bond Universal (Vivapen) in the self-etching technique. The study used metal brackets for upper premolars Gemini Bracket MBT (3M Unitek, USA) with a micro-engraved base with an area of 10.61 mm.

RESULTS. In group 1, the shear strength value was 21.2 ± 3.2 MPa, in group 2 – 21.6 ± 5.2 MPa, in group 3 – 17.7 ± 6.4 MPa. There were no statistically significant differences between the study groups. According to the study, a decrease in the level of adhesive force was found when using a universal adhesive without prior etching of the enamel with phosphoric acid. However, this level remained within the clinically recommended range.

CONCLUSIONS. Thus, all studied adhesive systems used in various etching techniques demonstrated high adhesive performance, providing strong adhesion of the orthodontic structure to the tooth surface.

AIM. The objective of this study is to determine the frequency of detection of active galvanic cells in the oral cavity in the absence and presence of diseases of the oral mucosa, the development of which may be associated with the irritating effect of direct electric current.

MATERIALS AND METHODS. Two groups of 50 patients were examined. All patients had at least 2 metal structures in the oral cavity. The first group comprised patients who had no diseases of the mucous membrane, the second group comprised patients with diseases of the oral mucosa. To detect metal structures that could form a galvanic pair, the electrochemical potential of each metal structure was determined and the difference between the potentials obtained was calculated. To determine the activity of a galvanic element formed by galvanic vapors, the hydrogen index of the gingival fluid in the area of these structures was determined.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION. The difference in the electrochemical potentials of metal structures in the studied groups had no statistically significant differences (p > 0.05) and amounted to 129 + 24.7 mV in the first group, to 135 + 19.8 mV in the second. In the first group, 92 % of patients had no significant difference in the hydrogen parameters of gingival fluid near pairs of metal structures (p > 0.05). The hydrogen values were 6.6 + 0.26 at the cathode and 6.9 + 0.35 at the anode. In the second group, in 88 % of patients, when measuring the hydrogen index of the gingival fluid, a high difference in pH values from 0.7 to 1.5 units was found. The values of hydrogen parameters near the cathode were 7.8 + 0.29, and the will of the anode was 6.3 + 0.22 (p < 0.05).

CONCLUSION. Measuring the hydrogen parameters of the gingival fluid near metal structures forming a galvanic pair makes it possible to assess the activity of a galvanic cell. In the absence of diseases of the oral mucosa, the detection rate of active galvanic cells was only 8 %, and in diseases of the mucous membrane, active galvanic cells were detected in 88 % of patients.

AIM. To study particularities of the clinical current of chronic gingivitis beside flying personnel and employee of the overland service of civil aviation.

MATERIALS AND METHODS. With using of clinical and x-ray methods examined parodontology status beside 42 flying personnel and 45 employees of the overland service of civil aviation. Beside flying personnel and employee of the overland service were formed 4 groups: I group – a flying personnel with parodontal pathology, 25 pers.); II – an employees of the overland service of civil aviation with parodontal pathology (28 pers); III – 17 persons of the flying composition of civil aviation with sound condition of parodont; IV group – 17 employees of the overland service of the airport with sound condition of parodont. For objective estimation of parodontal status were used hygienic indexes.

RESULTS. Inflammatory process heavy degree of gravity in marginal parodont the most expressing beside flying personnel, degree these transformations most distinctly reveals itself in hemomicrocirculation riverbed of parodont and depends as from type provoking factor of the aircraft flight, so and from sensitivity organ and tissues of oral cavity to influence these disadvantage factor.

CONCLUSION. The most sensitive to disadvantage factor aircraft flight (noise, hypoxia swings of the barometric pressure, vibration and hypergravity) is microcirculation riverbed of parodontal structures.