Relevance. In practical dentistry, composite materials, cements, amalgam and metal-free ceramics are used to restore defects in hard tissues of teeth. Research data indicate that the type of filling material can affect the state of the pulpperiodontal complex of the tooth and lead to its degenerative changes.

Aim. To study the state of the pulp-periodontal complex according to the protein spectrum of the gingival crevicular fluid of teeth filled with various types of restorative materials.

Materials and methods. In the course of the study, the gingival crevicular fluid of the teeth was taken from 4 groups of patients using absorbent paper points of size 20 according to ISO: group 1 (control) – healthy teeth (n = 32); group 2 – composite materials (n = 12); group 3 – amalgam (n = 11); group 4 – metal-free ceramics E-max (n = 9). The activity of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (AP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was studied in the obtained samples of gingival crevicular fluid using spectrophotometric analysis. Results. In the gingival fluid eluates, no statistically significant differences in the activity of ALT and AST enzymes were found between the studied groups. ALP activity in group 3 was 1.5 times higher than in groups 2, 4 and control, and the level of LDH in group 3 was 1.5 times higher than in groups 2, 4 and control.

Conclusion. It was found that composite material and E-max metal-free ceramics have the best biocompatibility with teeth tissues, and the greatest changes in the protein spectrum of gingival fluid were detected in amalgam fillings.

Aim. With the help of pathomorphological studies, to study dystrophic changes that occur in teeth with destructive forms of periodontitis in the acute stage and in the tissues surrounding them.

Materials and methods. For morphological study, biopsies of 48 teeth and periapical foci of infection of destructive forms of apical periodontitis in the acute stage were used. The material processed according to generally accepted methods was studied using an Olympus BX-40 light microscope.

Results. Dystrophic changes were observed in 9 out of 48 studied teeth, which amounted to 18.75 %. Various manifestations of dystrophy testified to pathomorphological changes in tissues during the chronic course of the disease.

Conclusions. Exacerbation of the inflammatory process in destructive periodontitis is accompanied by an autoimmune response of the body. Calcifications indicate changes in tissues. Dystrophy leads to total necrosis of pulp and periodontal tissues. Tissue granulomas with signs of dystrophy, chronic inflammatory process. Accumulation in the tissues of dental granulomas during the period of exacerbation of GAG is uneven, mostly of low and moderate intensity with a predominance of non-sulfated compounds. The body on its own is not able to cope with a long-standing inflammatory process.

Aim. To study the composition and properties of saliva in the mechanisms of dental caries development in school-age children of indigenous and immigrant population during adaptation to the Far North.

Materials and methods. The prevalence and intensity of dental caries were determined in 315 school-age children of the indigenous and immigrant population of the Far North, and the content of ionized calcium, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, their coefficients, the rate of saliva secretion, the amount of its sediment, and the hydrogen index were studied in saliva. A total of 630 clinical and 3780 laboratory parameters were obtained.

Results. A violation of the composition and properties of saliva in immigrant children of the Arctic who have been living in this region for a long time has been revealed. This disorder contributes to the growth of dental caries in alien school-age children.

Conclusions. The composition and properties of saliva in the process of adaptation of alien children to the conditions of the Arctic play an important role in the mechanisms of dental caries development.

Relevance. To date, due to the escalation of domestic import substitution in the field of medicine and dentistry, the study of the adhesive bond strength of Russian-made bonding systems when filling teeth with composite materials remains very relevant. At the same time, the issue of the strength of adhesion to the dentin of vital and devital teeth remains insufficiently studied, especially in the aspect of the use of bonding systems of IV-V-VII generations in the restoration of hard dental tissues.

Aim. To conduct a comparative analysis of the adhesive strength of modern bonding systems when filling vital and devital teeth in an experiment.

Materials and methods. The experimental study included 18 freshly removed teeth. To create the "seal-tooth" complex, Dentlight composite material (VladMiVa, Russia) and 3 adhesive systems (AS) of different generations (VladMiVa, Russia) were used, according to which the samples were divided into subgroups: 1 – Two-component Belabond (AS – IV generation); 2 – Dentlight (AS – V generation), 3 – Self-etching Belabond (AS – VII generation). The value of the adhesive bond was estimated by the value of the destructive stress that occurs when the composite sample is shifted relative to the dentine surface of the tooth using an Instron testing machine. Statistical analysis of the data was performed using the Student's t-test at p < 0.05.

Results. The adhesive strength had a statistically significant difference (p < 0.01) between the study groups. It was found that the greatest adhesion force with vital teeth was observed using the adhesive system of the VI generation (Mpa = 23.1), and for filling devital teeth – the adhesive system of the V generation (Mpa = 17), respectively. Low adhesion strength was revealed in generation VII AS (less than 10 MPa) to the dentin of vital and devital teeth (p < 0.05).

Conclusion. It was found that the strength of adhesion decreases by 2 times in the group of devital teeth when using IV generation AS, while IV and V generation adhesives are effective for filling vital teeth.

The main ways of interrelation of pulp and periodontal tissues are normally the apical openings of the roots of the teeth and additional root canals. In addition, it is important to remember that the bulk of the tooth is dentin, permeated with the smallest dentine tubules, which can also serve as a road in the «endodont-periodontal» system. A doctor who is faced with endo-periodontal lesion (EPL) faces a difficult task, which consists in competent planning of complex treatment and predicting the patient's condition. And one of the main questions that a clinician needs to answer when planning effective prevention and treatment of EPL is «What is primary? ». This systematic review is devoted to the problem of the primacy of infection in EPL, as the most complex and poorly studied.

Aim. To summarize the available data on the features of the etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and clinical course of EPL.

Materials and methods. 3587 publications were found, presented in international lectronic databases: PubMed, Google Search, Ebsco, Embase, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, SciELO and eLibrary from 2000 to 2023. Based on the selection criteria, 65 publications were selected, which included the results of studying the structure of periodontal tissues and tooth pulp, etiology, pathogenesis, as well as the diagnosis and clinical course of EPL. The methodology of this study meets the requirements for systematic reviews and meta-analyses of «PRISMA».

Results. The features of pulpo-periodontal relationships are described, data on the prevalence and classification of EPL are presented. Special attention is paid to the etiology of EPL and possible infectious agents involved in the pathogenesis of EPL. The clinical and diagnostic features of the course of EPL and the main approaches to treatment, depending on the primary infection of tissues, are described.

Conclusions. The presented detailed systematic analysis showed that the problem of EPL, which has high relevance and significance, has not been studied enough, which does not allow to effectively diagnose, treat, prevent and predict this pathology.

Background. The treatment of pulp inflammation takes an important place among modern dentistry problems. Depulpated teeth in some cases become chronic source of infection. They could also cause an odontogenic infection of the maxillofacial region. In this regard, it is important to use conservative methods of treatment to eliminate the inflammatory process in the dental pulp and preserve the vitality of the tooth.

Aim. The aim of this study is to collect and systematize the information about modern aspects of the conservative treatment of pulp hyperemia that is presented in scientific articles and to study the effects and impacts of bioactive materials on pulp tissues.

Materials and methods. A search was made for literature sources in the database: PubMed, dissercat.com, elibrary.ru, cyberleninka.ru using the keywords «caries», «pulp hyperemia», «pulpitis», «bioactive materials» with a choice of article types «Clinical Trial», «Meta-Analysis», «Review», «Systematic Review».

Results. After analyzing the literature review, an idea was obtained about the pathogenesis of the pulp at various stages of inflammation, criteria for its clinical assessment of the morphological state, pathophysiological and cytological processes of the pulp when exposed to bioactive materials. A modern classification and review of bioactive materials used in the treatment of pulp hyperemia is presented.

Conclusions. Studying the literature on the morphology and pathophysiology of the pulp, on its reserve possibilities of the regeneration plan, it was found that the inflammation in the dental pulp is reversible. This requires modern therapeutic materials that cause the reverse development of inflammation in the dental pulp. A conservative method of treating pulp hyperemia involves using materials that restore the structural and functional properties of the pulp, so preserve its vitality. This review article provides an overview of the materials used in the conservative treatment of pulp hyperemia according to Russian and foreign literature.

This case report demonstrates a solution to a long-term problem caused by missing teeth in the distal maxilla and complicated by severe bone atrophy. If a tooth is missing over a prolonged period, bone remodeling and volume loss commonly require bone grafting. Innovative treatment techniques are applicable to the issues occurring in clinical cases of that kind.

The problem of the effectiveness of monitoring and routing of patients with diseases of the oral mucosa is relevant.

Aim. To supplement and systematize the route scheme for patients with diseases of the oral mucosa using telemedicine technologies, depending on the level of the medical organization.

Materials and methods. Supplementation and systematization, as well as a clinical study of an optimized three-stage routing scheme, were carried out. The study involved 32 patients who applied to dental medical organizations of the 1st level, 36 patients observed in the 2nd level of the MD, 46 patients from the 3rd level of the MD.

Results and discussion. when monitoring the course of inflammatory and destructive diseases of the oral mucosa in patients observed at the place of residence, a positive trend was revealed, however, 38 patients, due to treatment failure, according to the routing scheme, were referred to dental clinics. level 3 organizations, where the clinical stabilization of the process was achieved with the use of digital methods of monitoring and treatment.

Conclusions: a comparative clinical study identified the need for a routing scheme to improve the quality of dental care at the level of dental health of patients with diseases of the oral mucosa.

The palatine tonsils hypertrophy can cause the development of oral breathing, obstructive sleep apnea, malocclusion, especially in children. Early diagnosis and treatment of ENT pathology is important to reduce the frequency of dental and general pathologies.

Aim. To evaluate the measurements of the palatine tonsils by LC and CBCT and compare the effectiveness of these methods.

Materials and methods. In 10 patients aged 10-12 years with enlarged palatine tonsils, according to ENT history, CBCT were performed, LC reformates were formed. The clinical efficacy and limitations applied method and correlation between the area and volume of the tonsils were evaluated.

Results. The difference in tonsils size according to 2D and 3D methods was not statistically significant. However, СBCT allows to visualize the bounders better, to evaluate the tonsils from both sides, excluding the superimposition of soft tissue contours (soft palate, tongue) and bone structure (mandibular angle).

Conclusions. The results show that linear measurements of the tonsils are reliable since there is a positive correlation with the corresponding sagittal parameters on 2D and 3D data. Accurate determination of the palatine tonsils size in a patient by lateral cephalography is difficult due to the large variability of the three-dimensional structure of the upper airway. Therefore, CBCT is a more accurate method in diagnosis tonsils.

Aim. Comparison of the secondary stability and osseointegration rate of dental implants with fine and coarse threads placed in bones of various types.

Materials and Methods. The study considered the data of 60 implants with fine and coarse threads, installed in the bone types I-III. After two and six months, an analysis of the loss of marginal bone, micromotion tests were carried out, changes in the stability coefficients were determined by the method of frequency magnetic resonance.

Results. The 30 coarse threaded implants showed higher secondary stability compared to the finely threaded implants in all three bone types. Marginal bone loss was observed for both types of implants only in type III bone – but when comparing the absolute values, it is noticeable that they are smaller with large threads. Micromotion was absent in all cases for bone types I and II. For implants with large threads in type III bone, micromotion was less than 30 μm, and for implants with fine threads, it was 150-160 μm.

Conclusions. High secondary stability is typical for implants installed in type I-II bone, regardless of the thread pitch, but the value of the stability coefficient is higher for specimens with coarse threads. In addition, there is no loss of marginal bone in these cases. Finely threaded implants placed in Type III bone are subject to micromovement.

As a result of a retrospective analysis of medical records in private dental organizations in the cities of Samara and Ulyanovsk was analyzed the quality of medical records, compliance with approved standards and clinical treatment protocols.

Aim. To assess the quality of specialized dental care for patients with chronic forms of pulpitis.

Materials and Methods. 2484 medical records were analyzed and 840 patients with chronic forms of pulpitis were identified. An analysis of the structure of and prevalence of the disease was carried out.

Results. 840 patients were diagnosed with chronic pulpitis in 1412 teeth, the most common form of the disease was established. The prevalence of various forms of chronic pulpitis according to the classification of Moscow State Medical University was estimated based on the classification of E.E. Platonov (1968). This classification was the most common when making a diagnosed by dentists

Conclusions. The main age group of patients with chronic forms of pulpitis, the predominant sex of patients, the most common form of chronic pulpitis, and established which groups of teeth are most often affected. An analysis of the filed of medical records of dental patients with chronic forms of pulpitis was made.

One of the non-invasive methods for assessing oxidative stress is the study of the oral fluid of patients by chemiluminescence. Based on the data obtained, it is possible to quantify the degree of oxidative stress and adjust the prescribed therapy.

Objectives. To assess the state of free radical oxidation of the oral fluid by chemiluminescence (CL) in patients with various verified forms of oral lichen planus (OLP), compare the data obtained with those in the control group.

Materials and methods. 287 patients with various forms of OLP of the oral mucosa and 32 patients of the control group, comparable in sex and age, were studied. The assessment of oxidative stress was carried out using the device HL-003, examining the oral fluid.

Results. The parameters S, Imax of individual forms of OLP had statistically significant differences compared with those of the control group of patients. Thus, the erosive-ulcerative form of OLP by the S parameter exceeded the conditional norm by 2.45 times, by the Imax parameter it exceeded by 2.37 times; exudative-hyperemic form exceeded the norm in parameter S, exceeded the conditional norm by 2.12 times, in parameter Imax exceeded 1.71 times; atypical form of OLP had a statistically significant excess in Imax by 1.49 times; the bullous form of OLP had a statistically significant excess in the S parameter by 2.18 times. Other forms of OLP (typical, hyperkeratotic) did not have statistically sign100ificant differences in the parameters S, Imax.

Conclusions. The obtained data substantiate the inclusion of antioxidant therapy in the ongoing OLP therapy; indicators of CL in the oral fluid can be one of the biomarkers in the diagnosis and monitoring of therapy in OLP, especially in the long term, mainly in erosive-ulcerative, exudative-hyperemic, atypical and bullous forms of OLP.