This study aimed to evaluate the comparability of three approaches to 3D cephalometric analysis: manual tracing in Invivo (Human Invivo), automated tracing using Diagnocat AI, and AI-assisted cephalometry in Invivo (AI Invivo). Materials and methods. A total of 30 CBCT scans were analyzed retrospectively, and measurements included overjet, overbite, incisor inclination, and interincisal angles. Statistical analysis comprised descriptive statistics, normality testing, ANOVA or Kruskal–Wallis tests with post-hoc comparisons, and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) evaluation. Pairwise differences were interpreted relative to pooled standard deviation (SD): <1 SD indicated comparability, 1–2 SD a moderate deviation, and ≥2 SD a large deviation.Results demonstrated that for the majority of parameters, differences across all three methods were below one SD, confirming high comparability and reproducibility. No parameters exceeded the 2 SD threshold. Diagnocat AI provided clinically acceptable outcomes while offering practical advantages such as reduced operator variability, faster processing time, and lower cost compared to manual tracing and AI Invivo. Conclusion. These findings suggest that both Diagnocat AI and AI Invivo may serve as reliable alternatives or adjuncts to manual cephalometry in orthodontic practice.

INTRODUCTION. The study presents the results of a comparative evaluation of the effectiveness of mechanical and virtual articulators in the functional diagnosis of patients with temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders.

AIM. To assess the advantages and limitations of using mechanical and virtual articulators for analyzing dynamic occlusion in patients with internal TMJ pathology.

MATERIALS AND METHODS. A total of 52 patients (45 women and 7 men), aged 25 to 42 years, with occlusal disturbances caused by internal TMJ disorders, were examined. All patients underwent cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) for TMJ assessment and axiographic recording (optical axiograph Dentograf Prosystom). The patients were divided into two groups: Group 1 (n = 26) was analyzed using a mechanical articulator, and Group 2 (n = 26) using a virtual articulator. CBCT and axiography data, as well as the results of dynamic occlusion evaluation (tooth contact in closure and opening, protrusion, and laterotrusion), were analyzed in both articulator types.

RESULTS. Mechanical articulators enabled the evaluation of dynamic occlusion with an effectiveness of 73.1%. Limitations were associated with their inability to accurately account for individual anatomical characteristics of the TMJs. Virtual articulators demonstrated higher effectiveness (92.3%) due to the integration of CBCT and axiography data, allowing detailed modeling of individual mandibular movements.

CONCLUSIONS. Virtual articulators show significant advantages over mechanical ones in assessing dynamic occlusion in patients with TMJ disorders, providing greater accuracy and personalization of the diagnostic process. Mechanical articulators demonstrated limited effectiveness and a considerable margin of error related to their non-individualized approach.

INTRODUCTION. Today, pronounced atrophic changes in the alveolar jaws processes are often diagnosed, requiring bone tissue expansion using autogenic bone tissues of the patient, where various medical instruments and methods are used. Meanwhile, the problems of their improvement, minimizing the trauma of interventions, increasing regenerative processes and clinical effectiveness, have not been fully resolved. Thus, our research related to the optimization of medical instruments and methods remains relevant.

AIM is optimization of bone augmentation in patients using the developed method of bone tissue sampling using an angular surgical tip with a protector-retractor with severe atrophy of the alveolar processes in preparation for dental implantation.

MATERIALS AND METHODS. We used the developed device and method for creating cortical bone cuts during bone autograft sampling in bone plastic using an angular surgical tip with a retractor protector (patent No. 233201 dated 11.04.2025, published by 11.04.2025 Buhl. No. 11; Patent Application 2025120686, W25048732, issued 27.07.2025). The research was carried out at the surgical department of the dental clinic of North-Eastern Federal University and dental clinic “Avandent” (Yakutsk). Inclusion criteria in the research were associated with the presence of partial secondary adentia with marked alveolar atrophy. Exclusion criteria: generalized pathologies of decompensated form, malignant neoplasms, diseases of the hematopoietic system and intolerance to local anesthetics. Each patient gave his written consent for interventions. There were 2 groups: the main group – 105 patients, aged 42–68 years old; control group – 33, aged 40-69 years old using a protective device made of D.M. Mukhamadiev’s plastic (patent RU 213 284 U1, A61S 1/16 of 05.09.2022). Statistical processing of the material was carried out according to standard methods.

RESULTS. The results characterized low-trauma, safety and efficiency of surgical interventions, and design features of developed protector-retractor with metal body and shortened irrigation tube for angular surgical tip provide tight fixation, as well as minimal delamination of mucoperiosteal flap, reusability of practical application and convenience of pre-sterilization cleaning. Whereas, the plastic tread does not have these advantages due to the design features and material of manufacture.

CONCLUSIONS. The developed method provides certain advantages associated with the presence of a thin metal protector-retractor body for the angular surgical tip, which provides the best view of the surgical field, increases the safety and effectiveness of surgical interventions.

INTRODUCTION. Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) are of interest in regenerative endodontics due to their multipotency. Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) is highly sought after due to its biocompatibility, but the limitations of long setting time and poor handling have created interest in newer products such as Baghdadite. To evaluate the biocompatibility and osteogenic potential of Baghdadite, MTA, and their combination on DPSCs using MTT and Alizarin Red assay.

MATERIALS AND METHODS. DPSCs were cultured and characterized by flow cytometry and CFU assays. Experimental groups (MTA, Baghdadite, MTA+Baghdadite) were exposed to cytotoxicity test (MTT assay) and mineralization test (Alizarin Red staining).

RESULTS. Cell viability of all the groups was higher than control. Combination group showed maximum viability (mean OD: 0.4066) than Baghdadite (0.3975) and MTA (0.3563). Alizarin Red staining showed the maximum mineralization in combination group (mean OD: 1.7069) than MTA (0.5788) and Baghdadite (0.4020).

CONCLUSIONS. The association of MTA and Baghdadite showed improved biocompatibility and osteogenic ability, which is promising for application as a pulp-capping agent in regenerative endodontics.

INTRODUCTION. The review aimed to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of holy basil (ocimum sanctum) in managing oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF), focusing on its impact on clinical symptoms such as burning sensation, mouth opening, tongue protrusion, cheek flexibility, blanching, and fibrosis.

MATERIALS AND METHODS. A comprehensive search was conducted across PubMed-Medline, Scopus, Embase, Cochrane Library and Google Scholar from the earliest available date upto 5 th April, 2025. Studies included were randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies involving patients diagnosed with OSMF, assessing the efficacy of holy basil in any formulation (such as extract or oil) on clinical symptoms. Both Two reviewers independently performed data extraction and quality assessment using the Cochrane RoB 2.0 and ROBINS-I tools. Where appropriate, a metaanalysis (MA) was performed, where summarized raw mean (MRAW) standardized mean differences (SMDs) were calculated.

RESULTS. A total of 7 studies met the inclusion criteria, comprising 5 observational and 2 experimental studies conducted in India between 2017 and 2023. The MA demonstrated significant improvements in maximal mouth opening with MRAW = 36.14 mm; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 22.3–49.98) and reduction in burning sensation (SMD = 2.6; 95% CI: 1.94–3.25) in patients receiving holy basil-based treatments. Substantial heterogeneity was noted for mouth opening outcomes (I² = 96%), whereas the results for burning sensation were relatively consistent across studies (I² < 50%). Secondary outcomes, such as cheek flexibility, were reported in only one study, restricting broader generalization.

CONCLUSIONS. The findings suggest that Holy Basil, administered in various formulations, shows promising potential in improving key clinical symptoms such as maximal mouth opening, burning sensation, and tongue protrusion.

INTRODUCTION. This article is devoted to the chronophysiological aspects of the prevention and treatment of dental diseases in children. The influence of biorhythms on the development, course, and prevention of dental pathologies in the pediatric population is considered a promising direction in modern dentistry. In both domestic and international literature, this issue is insufficiently addressed, which underscores the relevance of further research in this area.

AIM. To deepen understanding of chronodiagnosis and chronotherapy of dental diseases in children, aiming to optimize the treatment process through early diagnosis and the timely implementation of personalized preventive and therapeutic interventions.

MATERIALS AND METHODS. Within the framework of this article, an analytical review of domestic and international publications addressing biorhythmological and chronophysiological aspects of dental diseases was conducted. The analysis included an evaluation of data on the influence of circadian rhythms on the condition of dental hard tissues, periodontium, and oral mucosa, as well as the particularities of their consideration in the implementation of preventive and therapeutic interventions in children.

RESULTS. The conducted analysis demonstrated that the influence of biorhythms on the dental health of children is systemic in nature. Taking chronophysiological patterns into account enables increased effectiveness of preventive measures, improved treatment outcomes, and a reduction in the incidence of complications.

CONCLUSIONS. The chronophysiological approach in pediatric dentistry represents a promising direction capable of significantly enhancing the quality of dental care. Deepening knowledge of biorhythms and their application in practice will contribute to the development of personalized dentistry and stimulate professional interest in further investigation of the biorhythmological foundations of diagnosis and therapy.

INTRODUCTION. The present study reports the outcomes of using occlusal splints in the comprehensive treatment of patients with internal temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders. The diagnosis of mandibular movement disorders was performed using an optical axiograph Dentograf Prosystom (Russia). The obtained axiographic data were utilized for the fabrication of myorelaxing and distraction splints. Axiography was repeated every three weeks to monitor treatment effectiveness. The position and function of the TMJ articular disc (AD) were evaluated by ultrasonography (US) one to two times per month.

AIM. To evaluate the effectiveness of various types of occlusal splints fabricated using mechanical and virtual articulators in the comprehensive treatment of patients with subluxation and chronic dislocation of the TMJ articular disc.

MATERIALS AND METHODS. Myorelaxing and distraction splints for patients with subluxation and chronic dislocation of the AD were fabricated using two approaches: (1) The classical method, involving a mechanical facebow and a mechanical articulator; (2) The CAD/CAM technology, employing a virtual articulator.

RESULTS. The effectiveness of myorelaxing splints fabricated with the mechanical articulator was 81.8%, while for those produced using the virtual articulator it reached 88.0%. The effectiveness of distraction splints fabricated with the mechanical articulator was 55.6%, whereas modeling with the virtual articulator yielded 68.8%. Based on the obtained data, an algorithm was developed for the clinical use of occlusal splints fabricated by different methods (using mechanical or virtual articulators) in patients with internal TMJ disorders.

CONCLUSIONS. Following the diagnosis confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), axiography, and ultrasonography, patients were divided into two groups: (1) In Group I (patients with articular disc subluxation), myorelaxing splints were applied at the initial treatment stage and subsequently remodeled into separating (discluding) splints after disc repositioning to consolidate the therapeutic outcome; (2) In Group II (patients with chronic disc dislocation), distraction splints were used at the first stage with subsequent occlusal correction. After the normalization of mandibular movements and TMJ disc repositioning, the distraction splints were remodeled into separating splints to stabilize the new maxillomandibular relationship. The use of a virtual articulator demonstrated higher treatment effectiveness compared to the mechanical method, confirming its clinical relevance and potential integration into complex TMJ disorder management protocols.

AIM of this in vitro study was to compare apical foraminal deformation at 3 mm from the tomographic apex after instrumentation of mesial canals of mandibular molars using two rotary systems: Endogal Rotary and VDW Rotate.

MATERIALS AND METHODS. Thirty extracted mandibular molars were used and embedded in silicone impression material to facilitate tomographic analysis. The samples were randomly divided into two groups (n = 15): Group A was instrumented with the Endogal Rotary system, and Group B with the VDW Rotate system. All teeth were scanned using tomography before and after instrumentation. Measurements were taken at 3 mm from the apex in axial sections using NNT Viewer software. The distances between canal walls and intercanal space were measured. Statistical analysis was performed using independent t-tests with a significance level set at 5%.

RESULTS. No statistically significant differences were observed between the two groups for any of the evaluated parameters. Both rotary systems preserved the anatomy of the root canals and prevented excessive dentin removal in the apical third.

CONCLUSIONS. The Endogal Rotary and VDW Rotate systems demonstrated similar performance in maintaining apical anatomy and minimizing foraminal deformation at 3 mm from the apex. Both systems are suitable for shaping mesial canals in mandibular molars with minimal structural compromise.

AIM of this in vitro study was to compare and evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy, smear layer removal, depth of penetration and tissue dissolving capacity of C³Mix.

MATERIALS AND METHODS. 36 single-rooted, single-canal teeth were divided in 3 groups (n = 12 each) and irrigated with Saline, Ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA) and C³Mix. The teeth were observed under Scanning electron microscope (SEM) to evaluate smear layer removal and Confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) to check for depth of penetration of the irrigant. Disc diffusion tests were performed in triplicate manner with 2 control groups to assess and compare the antimicrobial efficacy of irrigants against E faecalis. Tissue dissolution in C³Mix, NaOCl and CHX solutions were performed using bovine dental pulp immersion in test solutions for 5 minutes and removing after 5 minutes to check for weight loss. The results were statistically analysed.

RESULTS. C³Mix was statistically more effective than EDTA and Saline in removing smear layer and increasing the depth of penetration (p < 0.05) in dentin. NaOCl was significantly significant than that of C³Mix in antimicrobial activity. NaOCl showed better tissue dissolving capacity when compared with C³Mix.

CONCLUSIONS. C³Mix proves to be a good antimicrobial agent and has superior smear layer removal and increased depth of penetration in comparison with EDTA but has reduced tissue dissolving capacity than NaOCl.

INTRODUCTION. A wide range of behavior guidance techniques are available routinely in the dental office to enhance the cooperation between children and pediatric dentists. However, it is not feasible to achieve the desired cooperation from all child patient.

AIM. To evaluate anxious children’s behavior before and after the dental treatment at their first to dental practice using a pictorial and video-graphic representation of cooperative children managed earlier in the clinic.

MATERIALS AND METHODS. This study included 50 children of 3–13 years old to determine the change in behavior of children at their first visit to dental practice using pictures and videos of cooperative children visited the dental practice in android or iPad. A numeric verbal rating scale determined the children’s dental anxiety before and after the treatment, and the mean differences were evaluated.

RESULTS. Fifty children with mean age of 6.56 ± 2.95 years old (24 males and 26 females) were included in this study. A highly positive correlation was found (p < 0.0001) when the children with negative behavior were shown pictures and videos of cooperative pediatric patients. The mean anxiety score and standard deviation using numeric verbal rating scale before seeing pictures and watching videos were (6.34 ± 3.17), and after seeing pictures and videos were (3.68 ± 2.14), which was statistically significant (p = 0.0001). There was an effective reduction of fear and anxiety, and the results were statistically significant (p-value 0.0001).

CONCLUSIONS. Using pictures and videos of a cooperative child would enhance the desired cooperation from children. This technique also helps gain trust and improves the child’s cognition, reducing anxiety.

Multidisciplinary evaluation and management are essential for achieving optimal outcomes in complex cases involving recurrent calcifications and chronic pain. This case highlights the rare coexistence of sublingual sialolithiasis, myofascial pain dysfunction syndrome (MPDS), and pulp stones or pulp canal obliteration. A 54-year-old male patient was diagnosed with sublingual sialolithiasis (2 × 1.6 cm), MPDS, and multiple pulp stones. Radiographic investigations, including bitewings and CBCT, revealed and confirmed the size of calculi and showed a significant pulp stone in posterior teeth. The patient underwent transoral sialolith removal and was treated with muscle relaxants and oral physiotherapy for MPDS. This case highlights the complex interplay among sialolithiasis, MPDS, and pulp stones. A multidisciplinary approach is essential for comprehensive management, especially in cases involving recurrent calcifications and chronic pain.

AIM. Evaluation of the parameters of microhardness and elastoplastic deformation of the dentine of the roots of untreated teeth for further use in experimental studies devoted to the search for protocols that minimally weaken the root structures during endodontic treatment.

MATERIALS AND METHODS. 14 premolars (9 upper and 5 lower) with a straight root, removed according to orthodontic indications, were selected for the study. The root of each tooth was divided into three parts (oral, middle, and apical), then the parameters of microhardness and elastic plastic deformation were determined for each of the parts. Measurements were carried out in three areas: at the channel, in the middle part of the sample and in the outer part of the sample.

RESULTS. Microhardness parameters: the middle segment has the highest microhardness values for all thirds of the root: in the mouth – 95.02 (91.97–99.31) HV, 1026.05 (993.03–1072.37) (MPa), average – 97.34 ± 12.45 HV, 1051.11 ± 134.47 (MPa) and apical-100.08 ± 12.35 HV, 1080.69 ± 133.33 (MPa). Parameters of elastoplastic deformation: the middle segment has the highest modulus of elasticity in all thirds of the root, the highest index is in the apical third of the root – 24.25 (24.01–25.30) (MPa), the lowest is in the middle third (21.87 ± 1.55 MPa); the highest relative work of elastic deformation is in the middle third of the root, the lowest is in the mouth a third. At the same time, it increases from the mouth to the middle third, and decreases from the middle third to the apical third. The greatest relative work of plastic deformation is in the estuarine third, the smallest is in the middle third, while it decreases from the estuarine to the middle third, and increases from the middle third to the apical third.

CONCLUSIONS. The apical third of the root is the hardest, while the middle third is the most elastic. When considering the wall in a cross-section, the middle is the hardest, while the segments at the channel and at the outer edge are less hard and more elastic.  

AIM. Study dentistry factors of life’s quality beside patient with occlusion defects chewing-oriented localizations of average extent in dynamic of prosthetic treatments with or without using of implant designs.

MATERIALS AND METHODS. In open controlled unrandomized study analyzed condition of dentistry status, system health and dentistry factors life’s quality 132 patients, addressed for the reason prostheses in connection of absence chewing-oriented groups teeth. In depending of elected methodical approach to orthopedic treatment patients were divided into groups: main (fixed implant’s prosthesis at presence lateral occlusion defect average extent, complicated convergence teeth their limiting) – 59 patients; comparison (traditional fixed prosthesis at presence lateral occlusion defects average extent, complicated convergence teeth their limiting) – 73 patients. Beside the first and the second group patients after corresponding treatment by psychometric method, on 5-balls scale independent estimation of Global Rating Satisfaction (GRS), defined success adaptation to fixed prosthetic device: from 1 ball – under successful adaptation, absolute complacency direct result prostheses, before 5 – under absolute dissatisfaction of the patient by quality of the prosthetic device and problem to adaptation even on background conducted correction action. For estimation life’s quality patient both groups used unfolded Russian-language version special questionnaire “Profile of the influence dentistry health” OHIP-49-RU.

RESULTS. On termination prosthetic treatment of occlusion defects chewing-oriented localizations t average extent, complicated convergence teeth their limiting, at remote periods of the observation practically all patients as a whole were satisfied his results. However, more expressing success in part of the velocities of the achievement of the high factors to complacency by result prosthesis’s treatments noted beside persons, havening prosthetic devices with handhold on implants, in contrast with patient of the group of the comparison, beside which complacency traditional fixed prosthesis even criterion “relative” corresponded to for final period of the observation and objected the factor GRS 4.4 ± 0.4 ball. Through 6–12 months factor ΣOHIP-49-RU beside persons of the first group has formed 17.2 ± 7.2 ball, then beside patient of the group of the comparison importance given factor in 2.4 times turned out to be more (41.6 ± 1.4 ball) that reflected the advantage a prosthetic treatments with using of dental implants.

CONCLUSIONS. Complex estimation efficiency of prosthetic treatments patient with occlusion defect chewing-oriented localizations average extent, complicated convergence of teeth their limiting, must include the detailed analysis of its influence upon dentistry factors life’s quality. Successful prosthetic treatment of patient with named defect is accompanied positive track record on dentistry index life’s quality (OHIP-49-RU) and factor to complacency by prosthesis (GRS) for all period of the observation, realistically more expressing beside persons, having implant’s designs.

INTRODUCTION. There is an analysis of the bioelectric potential indicators of muscles based on electromyographic study data was conducted in patients with gnathic forms of mesial and distal occlusions before and after combined treatment in this article.

AIM. To analyze the bioelectric potential indicators of muscles in the examination of patients with gnathic forms of mesial and distal occlusion based on electromyographic study data.

MATERIALS AND METHODS. As part of this work, 40 patients at the age of 18 to 44 with gnathic forms of mesial occlusion were examined before and after undergoing orthognathic surgery. A comparative analysis was conducted with data obtained by E.B. Castaño in 2019 from the study of patients with gnathic forms of distal occlusion.

RESULTS. After analyzing electromyographic study during the “Initial Contact of Teeth” test showed that all patients with skeletal forms of mesial occlusion exhibited significantly elevated readings compared to those with distal occlusion, indicating an increased tone in the activity of all muscle groups in the craniofacial region. This condition persists even after the combined treatment. Additionally, lower values were observed in the “Maximum Contact of Teeth” test across both study groups; however, during post-treatment, the muscles experience less strain in patients with skeletal forms of distal occlusion.

CONCLUSIONS. Аdult patients aged 18 to 44 years, the study revealed significant differences in the increase of specific indicators both before and after treatment. This indicates considerable muscle overload at all stages of treatment. When treating adult patients with skeletal forms of occlusal anomalies, it is essential to consider electromyographic findings to create conditions for the proper functioning of the dental and jaw system upon completion of treatment and to guide rehabilitation strategies.

AIM. To develop an effective early-monitoring method grounded in periodontal risk factors and to categorize initial therapeutic responses to scaling as well as root planning (SRP).

MATERIALS AND METHODS. In a prospective cohort study, the plaque index, bleeding on probing, and probing pocket depth were measured at three different appointments: the first visit (baseline), the first follow-up visit (FU1), and the second follow-up visit (FU2). Mean reductions from pretreatment were calculated, and the patients were classified as Poor responders (<25% BoP reduction with little or no PPD decrease), Moderate (25 to 49% BoP reduction or <1 mm PPD reduction), or Rapid (more than 50% BoP reduction and less than 1 mm PPD reduction). Using non-parametric tests and Spearman correlations, the impacts of cigarette smoking and age were investigated.

RESULTS. SRP yielded clinically significant early enhancements in BoP and PPD at FU1, with further improvements noted at FU2. Smoking was associated with substantially diminished early BoP reductions and smaller PPD improvements. Age showed weak, non-significant correlations with early change. There were weak, non-significant relationships between age and early changes.

CONCLUSIONS. Risk-based assessment is made possible by early re-evaluation following SRP. Age by itself is not a short-term predictor, but smoking status is an actionable early risk sign. The suggested paradigm encourages smoking cessation counseling and supportive care intensity customization throughout the early maintenance stage.

AIM. To determine the etiological factors responsible for the development and progression of combined endodontic-periodontal lesions in abutment teeth supporting functioning fixed prosthetic restorations.

MATERIALS AND METHODS. A total of 88 patients with combined endodontic-periodontal involvement of abutment teeth under functioning fixed prosthetic constructions were clinically examined. The etiological structure of these complex lesions was assessed through a comprehensive approach that included clinical, paraclinical, and statistical methods of investigation.

RESULTS. Analysis revealed several predisposing factors strongly associated with combined endodontic-periodontal lesions beneath fixed prostheses. Deep periodontal pockets exceeding 5 mm, together with chronic destructive periapical processes and advanced alveolar bone resorption, were the most critical contributors. In most cases, lesions were classified as granulomatous periodontitis with a diameter greater than 5 mm. These were accompanied by disturbances in periodontal microcirculation, further accelerating tissue breakdown. The identification of such factors underscores their practical relevance for clinical decision-making in prosthodontics.

CONCLUSIONS. Combined endodontic-periodontal lesions are characterized by diffuse inflammatory destruction of alveolar bone tissue in the projection area of fixed prosthetic constructions. The pathological process is accompanied by a mixed type of resorption involving both interproximal and interradicular septa of teeth serving as abutments.

INTRODUCTION. In contemporary periodontology, the interproximal attachment receives significant attention, as it is a key diagnostic and prognostic factor. Clinicians employ various surgical techniques to reconstruct the papilla and eliminate black triangles. Currently, some criteria that may influence the achievement of interproximal attachment are known. This article highlights the importance of one such criterion – the distance between tooth roots. The aim of this study is to demonstrate the significance of the distance between roots for the formation of interproximal attachment. A clinical case involving two surgical procedures in the region of teeth 42–32 and orthodontic treatment is presented. Four teeth with proximal, mid-vestibular, and mid-lingual recessions were treated. The mean root coverage in the proximal area reached 85% after reducing the interradicular distance to 2.7 mm. This study demonstrates the relevance of interradicular distance as a criterion for interproximal attachment formation.

AIM. The aim of this study is to demonstrate the significance of root proximity in the formation of interproximal attachment. A clinical case involving two surgical procedures in the area of teeth 42–32 combined with orthodontic treatment is presented. Four teeth with proximal, mid-buccal, and mid-lingual recessions were treated. The average root coverage in the proximal region reached 85% after reducing the interradicular distance to 2.7 mm. This study demonstrates that the distance between roots is a critical factor in achieving interproximal attachment formation.

MATERIALS AND METHODS. A clinical case involving two surgical procedures in the region of teeth 42–32 and orthodontic treatment is presented.

RESULTS. Four teeth with proximal, mid-vestibular, and mid-lingual recessions were treated. The mean root coverage in the proximal area reached 85% after reducing the interradicular distance to 2.7 mm.

CONCLUSIONS. This clinical case demonstrates that successful formation of interproximal attachment during recession treatment requires consideration of the distance between tooth roots. It was shown that the initial surgical treatment, although providing temporary improvement, did not yield a stable outcome due to insufficient proximity of the roots (3.6 mm). Subsequent orthodontic correction to reduce the interradicular distance to 2.7 mm resulted in a significant and stable increase in the volume of the interdental papilla and root coverage. Therefore, planning of mucogingival procedures should include assessment of interradicular distance, and when unfavorable, preoperative orthodontic preparation should be considered.

INTRODUCTION. Nowadays, we can see rapid development of world dental implantation, where there are various methods for repairing dental defects on artificial supports. Despite this, the problems of dental implantation in severe lateral atrophies of the alveolar process of the upper jaw remain unresolved. In this regard, there are researches aims at improving the surgical stage in complex clinical cases associated with a lack of bone tissue of the alveolar process of the upper jaw. Taking into account the above, we chose the topic of this research.

AIM. Purpose of the research is to increase efficiency of surgical and orthopedic stages of rehabilitation in the absence of several teeth in the form of included and terminal defects with lateral atrophy of the maxilla alveolar process by applying the developed method.

MATERIALS AND METHODS. The article presents the clinical results of the developed dental implantation method with palatal exposure (vestibular bone shield) in the absence of several teeth in included and terminal defects with lateral atrophy of the maxilla alveolar process (patent application No. 2025128342 dated 16.10.2025). A five-year analysis of the clinical effectiveness of the developed method in 136 clinical cases in patients in the age group from 41 to 69 years old was carried out. The obtained results were evaluated in MS Office Excel using standard methods.

RESULTS. The combination of the main features of the developed method contributes to a pronounced minimization of the invasiveness of interventions and a shorter rehabilitation period, which determine the safety and clinical effectiveness of the proposed method. As part of the developed method, the recommended dental implants with a milled and anodized neck provide optimal mucogingival consolidation from the exposed palatal side. This tactic excludes bone augmentation, including the use of bone substitutes and traumatic interventions to reduce the alveolar crest.

CONCLUSIONS. The clinical results of practical application of the developed dental implantation method with palatal exposure (vestibular bone shield) in the absence of several teeth in included and terminal defects with lateral atrophy of maxilla alveolar process characterize its efficiency due to low traumatism, pronounced reduction of duration of surgical and orthopedic treatment.

AIM. The aim of the study was to validate a patented three-dimensional method for assessing craniovertebromandibular symmetry using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) in patients with temporomandibular joint dysfunction (TMJD).

MATERIALS AND METHODS. Ninety patients (54 females and 36 males), aged 19–60 years, diagnosed with temporomandibular joint dysfunction (TMJD) and exhibiting extraocclusal disorders, were included in the study. A standardized CBCT protocol (FOV ≥ 13 × 15 cm) including the cranial base and cervical vertebrae C₀–C₂ was applied. Three-dimensional cephalometric analysis was performed in coronal, axial, and sagittal planes, measuring angular and linear parameters between cranial, mandibular, and cervical landmarks. Intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC) were calculated to determine reproducibility. Statistical analysis was conducted using paired t-tests, with significance set at p < 0.05.

RESULTS. Asymmetry was observed in 100% of subjects, regardless of clinically symmetrical occlusion. The largest deviations were found in the Zy–Go angular measurement, reflecting predominant cranial-mandibular imbalance. Significant right–left differences were recorded across all reference lines (Zy–Go, Po–U6, C₀–C₁, C₁–C₂) (p < 0.01–0.001). Mean ICC values exceeded 0.90, confirming high methodological reliability.

CONCLUSIONS. It was established that craniovertebromandibular asymmetry occurs in all patients with TMJD and identified extraocclusal disturbances. The developed CBCT-based protocol allows precise quantification of cranio-cervico-mandibular relationships, enhancing diagnostic accuracy and supporting individualized interdisciplinary management of occlusal and postural disturbances.

INTRODUCTION. Modern dental education is facing the need for transformation in the context of a shortage of clinical bases, ethical constraints and growing demands on the quality of graduate training. Simulation technologies are considered as a key tool for solving these problems.

AIM. The purpose of this PICO study was to answer the following question: «Can simulation training be considered as an alternative to the traditional practical training of dental students?»

MATERIALS AND METHODS. A systematic review was conducted in accordance with the principles of PRISMA 2020. Publications for 2015-2025 were searched in 8 electronic databases (PubMed, Cochrane, Ebsco, Embase, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, SciELO and eLibrary). After eliminating duplicates and applying selection criteria, the review included 25 relevant publications.

RESULTS. Simulation technologies demonstrate significant potential in improving manual skills. The key advantages are the endless repeatability of procedures, instant feedback and objective evaluation. However, serious limitations have been identified: unrealistic tactile feedback, functional narrowness (64% of solutions focus only on dissection), high cost of equipment ($100,000+), resistance from teachers, and methodological heterogeneity of research. An important risk is the formation of «hyper-confidence» among students and a lack of clinical thinking due to the absence of the human factor in the simulations.

CONCLUSIONS. Despite impressive results in standardized procedures, simulation technologies cannot completely replace traditional learning. Their successful integration requires overcoming economic, methodological and pedagogical barriers. The future is seen in creating hybrid educational ecosystems, where technological precision is complemented by the development of empathy and clinical thinking, and open standards and international cooperation help overcome barriers.

INTRODUCTION. Endodontics is one of the most dynamically developing areas of dentistry. The introduction of rotary instrumentation has revolutionized the mechanical treatment of the root canal system, significantly increasing the effectiveness of endodontic treatment. However, the incidence of complications associated with rotary instrumentation has also increased, the most common of which is file fragmentation. That is why it is really important to know the existing methods for preventing the occurrence of this complication.

AIM. To systematize the information presented in scientific articles on methods for preventing fragmentation of endodontic instruments during root canal preparation.

MATERIALS AND METHODS. A search of literature sources was carried out in the PubMed, dissercat.com, elibrary.ru, database.ru, cyberleninka.ru by keywords “endodontic treatment”, “iatrogenic events”, “fracture of endodontic instruments”, «prevention of an instrument fractures» with a choice of article types “Clinical Trial”, “Meta-Analysis”, “Review”, “Systematic Review”.

RESULTS. After analyzing the literature review, an idea about the methods of preventing instrument fragmentation in the root canal system was obtained.

CONCLUSIONS. Methods for preventing fragmentation of endodontic instruments are aimed at ensuring the safest possible operation of instruments in the root canal system; however, there is still no reliable way to prevent the occurrence of such a complication.

AIM. To determine the hygiene status and personal hygiene habits of Vietnamese students studying at the Faculty of Dentistry of the University of Hanoi.

MATERIALS AND METHODS. The survey included 199 students (89 male, 110 female). Among them, 49 were second-year students, 41 were third-year students, 52 were fourth-year students, and 57 were fifth-year students. All participants were students at Vietnam National University in Hanoi. The mean age of respondents was 22 years. An anonymous questionnaire was administered in paper format in respondent’s native language (Vietnamese). The questionnaire consisted of 24 questions, students could select multiple options from predefined answers or write in their preferences. Responses were statistically analyzed using StatTech software version 4.5.0 (Russian Federation).

RESULTS. When assessing hygiene indices, the average OHI-S score of those surveyed was 0.63 ± 0.72 (0.00÷3.83), which is interpreted as a good level of hygiene. Significant differences in scores were found depending on age and year of study. The average age of students with good and average hygiene levels was 23 years, while the average age of those surveyed with poor hygiene levels was 20 years (p = 0.018). When assessing the level of hygiene relative to the year of study, a significant decrease in the number of students with very poor, poor, and average levels was found from the second to the fourth year, while the number of students with a good level of hygiene increased (p < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS. Despite the fact that most students at Hanoi Dental University have a good level of hygiene, some students require improvement. This is a group of students to whom a dentist should pay more attention when conducting educational programs.

AIM. To determine factors influencing the assessment of the contribution of the first molar to smile aesthetics in Russian and international students.

MATERIALS AND METHODS. The study involved 193 students, including 119 Russian citizens (21.63 ± 1.55 years old) and 74 international students (23.93 ± 2.82 years old). Participants completed an anonymous questionnaire and then underwent a clinical oral examination, during which the condition of their first molars was assessed for caries, fillings, and artificial crowns, as well as the visibility of the first molars during a broad smile and loud laughter. Statistical analysis was performed using StatTech v. 4.9.2, values at p < 0.05 were considered significant.

RESULTS. Among Russian students, 1 (0.8%) had amalgam fillings in the area of their first molars, compared to 22 (29.7%) among foreign students, predominantly students from Iran (24.3%); the difference was significant (p < 0.001). Chinese students were more likely to have intact first molars (75%). Upper and lower molars were visible in the smile zone in 47.1% and 54.1% of participants, respectively, with no significant difference between the groups. Russian students were more likely to pay attention to the condition of their first molars (66.4% vs. 44.6%; p = 0.002), while foreign students were more likely to rate the contribution of molars to aesthetics as “significant” (48.6% vs. 29.4%; p < 0.001). Women were more likely to note the aesthetic significance of first molars (p = 0.032).

CONCLUSIONS. The condition and visibility of first molars influence the perception of smile aesthetics. Cross-cultural differences in the prevalence of amalgam restorations and the assessment of the aesthetic significance of first molars highlight the need to consider national dental traditions and gender differences when analyzing factors shaping smile perception. Among Russian students, dental factors influence the assessment of the contribution of first molars to smile aesthetics. Among foreign students, gender, along with dental factors, has a significant influence.

The primary objective of endodontic treatment and apical surgery is the prevention or elimination of inflammatory conditions in the periapical tissues. Such inflammation develops as a result of the metabolic activity of diverse colonies of pathogenic and opportunistic microorganisms colonizing the root canal system. Apical microsurgical intervention represents a promising treatment modality for teeth resistant to conventional (orthograde) therapy. The reported success rate of this procedure exceeds 90%, even in the presence of complications. The occurrence of such complications is often associated with insufficient theoretical training of narrowly specialized clinicians, a lack of appropriate instrumentation, and limited access to magnification equipment, such as binocular loupes or a stationary operating microscope. In some cases, repeated endodontic retreatment proves ineffective and leads to the persistence of apical periodontitis despite technically successful conservative therapy. In these situations, the inflammatory focus is localized within the periodontal space at the apex of the affected tooth. Its etiology is attributed to bacteria persisting in anatomically inaccessible areas of the root canal system. The bacterial biofilm in the apical portion of the root canal system exhibits a complex anatomical configuration, which often cannot be completely eliminated using conventional endodontic techniques.

Currently, a priority direction of healthcare is the optimization of comprehensive medical and social rehabilitation of patients. The high level of prevalence of periodontal diseases among the population determines the relevance of research aimed at the improvement of treatment and preventive measures. Considering the above, we conducted a total rehabilitation of a geriatric age patient with severe chronic generalized periodontitis in the maxilla by performing dental implantation. In the beginning, we assessed the width and length of the bone tissue of the alveolar process of the maxilla based on the results of CBCT. Next, the removal of mobile teeth was performed with the simultaneous installation of dental implants with bone grafting using the IDR technique (immediate dentoalveolar reconstruction). After which we fixed the multi-units (straight and angled 30°) on the implants and performed the taking of impressions. Then, within 48 hours, we performed the fabrication and fixation of temporary crowns from PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate) on the installed implants in the patient.

INTRODUCTION. The transcultural adaptation of international students is accompanied by integration difficulties, including reduced access to dental care. Differences in cultural attitudes, levels of oral-hygiene literacy, and stress associated with adapting to a new environment may decrease dental service utilization and negatively affect oral health status. Previous studies have indicated an unfavorable trend in oral health among international students in Russia; however, the factors influencing accessibility of care and the behavioral characteristics of this group remain insufficiently explored.

AIM. To identify risk factors for dental diseases, behavioral patterns, and barriers to seeking dental care among international students, and to justify the need for participatory preventive approaches.

MATERIALS AND METHODS. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 29 international students of the Pirogov University. A dental examination was performed to assess oral hygiene, caries experience, and periodontal condition. Additionally, questionnaires were administered to collect information on oral-hygiene practices, utilization of dental services, stress level, and dental anxiety. Statistical processing included correlation analysis and non-parametric methods. Participation was voluntary, and informed consent was obtained.

RESULTS. Sixty-eight percent of students had not visited a dentist during their stay in Russia. Mean oralhygiene scores corresponded to an unsatisfactory level, and caries experience was high (DMFT = 11.2 ± 4.3). Students who visited a dentist demonstrated a lower DMFT score (p = 0.0332). More than half of the respondents reported stress; dentophobia was identified in 17.2%, and all students in this subgroup demonstrated a decompensated form of caries.

CONCLUSIONS. The observed high prevalence of dental disease combined with low utilization of dental services confirms the need for participatory preventive programs tailored to the ethnocultural and psycho-emotional characteristics of international students. Large-scale studies are required to evaluate the effectiveness of such strategies.

Type I collagen, being the main structural protein of the extracellular matrix, provides optimal conditions for cell adhesion and proliferation and can also serve as a system for localized delivery of bioactive molecules. However, for a number of clinical conditions, the regenerative capacity of collagen alone remains insufficient, which has stimulated the development of combined systems designed to enhance its regenerative potential. The combination of collagen implants with growth factors and stem cells represents a promising approach in regenerative dentistry. This review summarizes clinical studies focused on the use of collagen matrices combined with mesenchymal stem cells, dental pulp cells, fibroblasts, as well as with growth factors such as PDGF-BB, BMP-2, and FGF-2.

Despite the limited clinical evidence, the integration of collagen with bioactive components already demonstrates consistent advantages over conventional treatment methods. Studies show that these combined constructs accelerate the regeneration of hard and soft tissues, thereby reducing the need for autografts and minimizing surgical trauma.

INTRODUCTION. Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often exhibit altered oral sensory processing, atypical feeding patterns, and non-standard responses to dental stimuli, complicating endodontic care.

AIM. To profile feeding behavior, mastication, and swallowing in ASD and to identify endodontically relevant risks: verification of odontogenic pain, effectiveness of local infiltration anesthesia, and tolerance to rubberdam isolation.

MATERIALS AND METHODS. Observational controlled study of 178 children aged 3–9 years (ASD n = 124, controls n = 54). Caregiver questionnaires and clinician-rated protocols assessed meal frequency/duration, oral sensory responses, mastication, and swallowing. Dental visits were evaluated for pain verification, infiltration-anesthesia performance, and isolation tolerance. Between-group differences were tested at α = 0.005, significant effects were observed for all p ≤ 0.003.

RESULTS. ASD was associated with more frequent but smaller meals, prolonged mealtimes, heightened oral sensory reactivity, and higher rates of mastication/swallowing difficulties. In the dental setting, ASD patients more often demonstrated hard-to-verify odontogenic pain, variable infiltration-anesthesia efficacy, and poor tolerance to rubber-dam isolation.

CONCLUSIONS. The ASD feeding / sensory profile differs from neurotypical peers and predicts challenges in pain verification and treatment tolerance. Routine pre-visit preparation and sensory-aware communication improve cooperation. Stepwise behavior guidance and flexible isolation strategies reduce aversive responses. When infiltration shows inconsistent effect, clinicians should reassess pain source, adapt anesthetic technique, and allow sufficient latency/graded dosing within safety limits. Integrating caregiver-reported feeding / sensory cues into chairside decisions increases anesthesia success and overall endodontic feasibility.